Objective To investigate the feasibility and indication of synchronous resection of colonic carcinoma and its hepatic metastasis. Methods Radical sigmoidectomy and right hemi-hepatectomy plus left lateral segment resection were performed at the same time in a 71-year-old patient with sigmoid carcinoma and multiple hepatic metastasis. Results The operation lasted for 5 hours and 10 minutes with 300ml blood lost during the procedure. The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged 2 weeks after operation. Follow-up showed no reoccurrence up to the day of this presentation(4 months).Conclusion The operation could be performed safely by experienced surgeon in good-equipment hospital.
Objective To study the relationship between blood metastasis of colorectal cancer and cancer metastasis related factors.MethodsCK20 mRNA in peripheral blood was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and proteins of CD44v6 and p53 in cancer tissues were examined by immunohistochemical in 50 cases of colorectal neoplasm. ResultsThe results showed that the positive rates of peripheral blood micrometastasis of colorectal cancer were 68%. It escalated along with the rising of the Dukes stage, the rates in Dukes C and D stage were significantly higher than that in Dukes A and B stage. The positive rates of CD44v6,p53 expression in colorectal cancer were 74% and 62% respectively. The positive rates of CD44v6 and p53 in Dukes A and B stage were significantly lower than those in Dukes C and D stage,in peripheral blood and colorectal cancer micrometastasispositive group were significantly higher than that in the micrometastasisnegative group. CK20 mRNA was significantly correlated with expressions of CD44v6 and p53 in cancer tissues. Conclusion The detection of CK20 mRNA in blood before operation and after operation examination of CD44v6 and p53 in cancer tissues are helpful for prediction of blood metastasis of colorectal neoplasm and postoperative treatment.
Objective To summarize the role of the relationship between liver cancer and cellular immunological function, and the role of immune therapy in clinical application. Methods To analyze the relationship between liver cancer and cellular immunological function, and the present research situation of immune therapy for liver cancer in clinical application retrospectively via review the related domestic and foreign literatures. Results The cellular immune dysfunction existed in all liver cancer patients. The state of body’s cellular immunological function is closely related with the arising and development of liver cancer, and the lowness of cellular immunological function is an important factor of hepatocellular carcinoma hard to cure or recurrence and metastasis. Immune therapy plays an important role in the treatment of liver cancer by adjusting the body’s cellular immunological function. Conclusions Liver cancer is closely related with the body’s cellular immunological function. Immune therapy is expected to offer a new way for the treatment of liver cancer, which can also be used as an important auxiliary treatment way.
Objective To summarize the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Methods Domestic and international publications online involving MMPs of gastric cancer in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results The occurrence and development of gastric cancer was a multi-step and multi-factorial complicated progress, whose etiology and pathogenesis were still unclarified. MMPs were a class of proteolytic enzymes, which played an important role in the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis of gastric cancer and apoptosis of tumor cells and their surrounding normal cells by regulating the microenvironment of the growth of tumor. Conclusion MMPs promote the evolution of gastric cancer in variable ways, the mechanisms of which should be comprehended to provide a theoretical basis for the future treatment of gastric cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the relationship between expression of CD44v6 in gastric carcinoma and neoplasm metastasis and prognosis. MethodsExpression of CD44v6 in 52 cases of gastric carcinoma was assayed by flow immunocytometry, and its relation with clinical pathology and prognosis was analyzed. ResultsIn 52 cases of gastric carcinoma tissue, the positive rate of CD44v6 expression was 67.31%(35/52); but the positive rate of CD44v6 expression in normal gastric tissue was 25.00% (13/52). The positive rate of expression was significantly different (P＜0.01). The positive rate of CD44v6 expression in gastric carcinoma tissues was related to the depth of carcinoma infiltration, lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage （P＜0.05）. ConclusionExpression of CD44v6 plays an important role in invasion, metastasis and pTNM stage of gastric carcinoma. It may be used as a new indicator to predict metastatic potential and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo elucidate the clinical pattern of pulmonary lymph node metastasis and the significance of station No.12 and No. 13 lymph nodes biopsy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MethodsThirty-eight NSCLC patients underwent standard radical resection of pulmonary carcinoma and systemic lymphadenectomy between January 2015 and June 2015. There were 29 males and 9 females with a mean age of 61.1±15.4 years (ranged from 44 to 73 years). There were 20 patients of squamous carcinoma, 17 patients of adenocarcinoma and 1 patient of sarcomatoid carcinoma. All patients didn't receive radioor chemotherapy before the operation. All the lymph nodes in the surgical specimens were marked and sampled for pathology examination. ResultsWe obtained 652 lymph nodes in total (17.2 per patient). Seventy-eight lymph nodes of 24 patients showed lymphatic metastasis with a metastasis degree of 12.0% (78/652) and a metastasis rate of 63.2% (24/38). Among which there were 22 patients of N1 metastasis, 10 of N1+N2 and 2 of N2 skipping metastasis. Routine pathological examination of N1 metastasis demonstrated 12 patients of positive station No.12 and No.13 lymph nodes with the metastasis rate of 31.6%. The total amount of dissected lymph nodes was 95, among which there were 14 lymphatic metastasis with the metastasis rate of 14.7%. Four patients with nodal involvement in lymph node stations No.12 or No.13 were identified from 18 patients without mediastinal and intrapulmonary lymph node metastases confirmed by routine pathological examination. The detection rate was 22.2% (4/18) and the rate of N1 missed diagnosis was 33.3% (4/12). Univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that the metastasis degree of pulmonary lymph nodes of station No.12 and No.13 was associated with tumor differentiation grade (χ2=6.453,P=0.011), while it didn't show any significant differences as to pathology subtype (χ2=0.118, P=0.732), tumor size (χ2=0.930, P=0.759), or tumor classification (χ2=1.648, P=0.199). ConclusionPulmonary lymph node metastasis occupies an important place in the process of lung cancer metastasis. Patients with NSCLC especially those of poorly differentiated should be pathologically examined regularly in order to improve the accuracy of staging.
Objective The currently pertinent articles about the molecular mechanism of recurrence and metastasis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were reviewed. Methods Literatures that related to the molecular mechanism of the recurrence and metastasis of HCC were summarized retrospectively in this review. Results Several genes, such as the growth factors and the corresponding receptors, the adhesive molecule, and the extracellular matrix and many factors, such as the oxygen supply, tumor angiogenesis and the immune system, all took important roles in the process of recurrence and metastasis of HCC, which involves many steps. Conclusion The study of the recurrence and metastasis of HCC should be emphasized further since early intervening the genes that are related to the recurrence and metastasis may help prevent the recurrence and metastasis of HCC completely, decrease the death rate and improve patients’ life quality in the long term.
ObjectiveTo discuss the angiogenic effects on tumor micrometastasis. MethodsLiteratures on the relation between tumor angiogenesis and micrometastasis were reviewed. ResultsTumor angiogenesis was a basis of the development of micrometastasis.Conclusion Micrometastic dependence on angiogenesis gestates a novel revolution of tumor treatment.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the correlation of adhesive molecule expressions with potential of invasion and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods S-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect CD44v6 and E-cadherin expression in 58 cases of PTC. Results The positive rates of CD44v6 and E-cadherin in PTC were 72.40%and 41.4% respectively. There was a positive correlation between CD44v6 expression and tumor invasive and metastatic potential in PTC (P＜0.05), and a reverse correlation between E-cadherin expression and the potential (P＜0.01).Moreover,there was a reverse correlation between the CD44v6 and E-cadherin expression in PTC(P＜0.05). Conclusion These data show a correlation between the adhesive molecule expression and the potential of invasion and metastasis in PTC. CD44v6 and E-cadherin may be prognostic indicators in PTC.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of β-catenin and Galectin-3 protein in human cervical carcinoma and its clinical pathological significance. MethodsEighty-three cervical specimens were collected from January 2010 to June 2013. By immunohistochemical method, β-catenin and Galectin-3 expression of the 83 cases of cervical carcinoma, 45 cases of intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 25 normal cervix tissue (control) were detected. ResultsThe positive expression rate in cervical carcinoma of β-catenin and Galectin-3 was respectively 74.70% and 81.93%, which was significantly higher than that in intraepithelial neoplasia (ⅠandⅡ) and normal cervical tissue (P<0.05). Compared with cervical cancer, the expression of β-catenin and Galectin-3 in CINⅢ had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The positive expression of β-catenin was significantly correlated with histological grade of cervical cancer tissue, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive expression of Galectin-3 was closely related to histological grade of cervical cancer tissue and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). Both β-catenin and Galectin-3 expression had no relationship with other clinical pathological parameters, such as age of patients, tumor size and pathological pattern of tumor (P>0.05). β-catenin expression had significant positive correlation with that of Galectin-3 (r=0.327, P=0.002). ConclusionThe expression of Galectin-3 and β-catenin increases obviously and is associated with abnormal clinical parameters (invasion or metastasis) in patients with cervical cancer. Galectin-3 and β-catenin may act as cancer metastasis and prognostic indicators in these patients.