Objective To investigate the relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD) and progression of gastric carcinoma (GC). Methods The expression of VEGF and MVD in archival waxembedded specimens of 80 cases of GC and 20 gastric benign disease (GBD) were examined by using immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThe positive expression rate (PER) of VEGF in GC was 75.0%, and in GBD 5.0% (P＜0.05). The PER of VEGF in GC with invasive serosa was 95.5%, in those without serosal invasion 50.0% (P＜0.05). 82.8% was the PER of VEGF in GC with lymph node metastasis, 54.5% without lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05).The PER of VEGF in GC accompanied by distant metastasis was 100%, higher than that without distant metastasis (71.0%, P＜0.05). PER of VEGF in pTNM Ⅰ+Ⅱ was 53.1%, in Ⅲ+Ⅳ 89.6% (P＜0.05). MVD correlated significantly with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and pTNM stages (P＜0.05). There was correlationship between MVD and VEGF (P＜0.05).Conclusion VEGF expression upregulation and MVD contribute to the progression of gastric carcinoma.
Objective To explore the clinical significance of estrogen receptor α( ERα) , estrogen receptor β( ERβ) in non-small cell lung cancer( NSCLC) .Methods EnVision method was used to detect the expressions of ERα, ERβ, vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) , and microvessel density( MVD) in 54 NSCLC patients, 10 patients with lung benign lesions, and 10 normal controls. The interrelation between ERα, ERβ, VEGF, and MVD was analyzed. Results No obvious expressions of ERα and ERβwere observed in the normal lung tissues and lung benign lesions. The positive expression rates of ERα, ERβ, and VEGF in NSCLC were 20. 4% ( 11/54) , 64. 8% ( 35/54) , and 64. 8% ( 35/54) , respectively. There were no significant differences between ERαin regard to clinical parameters of NSCLC. But the expression of ERβwas dependent on pathological classification and differentiation of NSCLC. The expression of ERβ was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma( P lt; 0. 05) . The expression rate of ERβin well differentiated group was significantly higher than that in low, moderately differentiated group( P lt;0. 05) . There were significant differences between VEGF in regard to lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. The expression of ERαinterrelated with VEGF and MVD with r value of 0. 4 and 0. 685 respectively ( P lt;0. 05) . There was little correlation between ERβ and VEGF, MVD( P gt; 0. 05) . Conclusion Theexpression of ERβ correlates with pathological classification and differentiation of NSCLC, suggesting its significance in evaluating the pathological classification and malignant degree of NSCLC. The expression of ERαcorrelates with VEGF and MVD, suggesting that ERαpossibly promote micro-angiogenesis of NSCLC by VEGF pathway.
In order to study the influence of reperfusion following ischemia on microvesseles and microcirculation of skeletal muscle, unilateral hindlimbs of 16 rabbits were subjected to normothermic ischemia for 2 and 5 hours by tourniquet. After release of the tourniquet, microcirculation of the peritenon on dorsum of the foot was observed for 1 hours by intravital microscope. At 1 hour and 72 hours following reperfusion, the anterior tibia muscle biopsiy were taken and the specimens were subjected to light and electron microscopic examinations. It was found that after release of the tourniquet, in the limbs undergone 2 hours ischemia, there was immediate and well distributed reflow in the microvesseles of peritenon though a few aggregates of red cells and increase in the number of adherent leukocytes occured in some venules, and the microvesseles of the skeletal muscle only showed signs of minimal injury, the muscle fibers could survive in the limbs undergone 5 hours of ischemia, however, there was serious disturbance of microcirculation in theperitenon, which was characterized by "no reflow" in most area and there was signi ficant increase in the number of leukocytes adherent to venular endothelium, and the microvesseles of the skeletal muscle showed signs of severe injury, including remarkable swelling of the endothelial cell, disruption of the basement membrane and interstitial edema, and finally, most of the muscle fibers had necrosis occured. The results demonstrated that reperfusion following ischimia might result in microvascular injury and microcirculation disorder in the ischemic area. The degree of the injury and disorder depended on the duration of ischemic period, and was an important factor which determined the fate of the parenchymal cell.
Objective To evaluate the effect on microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of combining radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with arsenious acid (AA) locally treating liver VX2 tumor in rabbits. Methods Twenty-eight New Zealand White rabbits with implanted liver VX2 tumors were randomly divided into four groups, control group (n=7), AA group (n=7), RFA group (n=7) and combination (RFA+AA) group (n=7). All rabbits were killed 14 days after treatment. MVD and VEGF expression were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The MVD degraded one by one in control group,AA group,RFA group and RAF+AA group, which were (38.50±0.44), (23.07±0.47), (18.65±0.39) and (11.36±0.36)/HP respectively, compared while each two groups, P＜0.05. The VEGF expression also degraded one by one, the ratio of positive cases were 7/7, 5/7, 4/7 and 2/7 respectively, compared while each two groups, P＜0.05. There was positive correlation between VEGF expression and MVD (Person conefficient of product-moment correlation r=0.47, P＜0.01). Conclusion Combining RAF with AA therapy can greatly decrease MVD and VEGF expression of tumor tissue.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in prostate cancer tissue and explore its relations with tumor angiogenesis. MethodsThe expression of TNF-α and CD105 were detected with two-step immunohistochemical staining technique in 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 50 cases of prostate cancer between January 2010 and January 2012, and microvessel density (MVD) marked with CD105 was also measured. ResultsThe expressions of TNF-α and CD105 were higher in prostate cancer (41.72±8.67, 20.15±2.67) than those in benign prostatic hyperplasia (21.01±3.85, 4.34±1.67) (t'=13.990, P<0.001; t'=29.771, P<0.001). TNF-α and MVD were not correlated with age and size of tumor, but were positively correlated with tumor differentiation degree (rs=0.847, P<0.001; rs=0.776, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with clinical grades (rs=-0.769, P<0.001; rs=-0.842, P<0.001). ConclusionThe result indicates that over expression of TNF-α exists in prostate cancer. It may play an important role in the anginogenesis and carcinogenesis of prostate cancer.
ObjectiveTo explore the expressions of galectin-3 protein and CD105 protein in colorectal cancer and the relationship with clinicopathologic features. MethodsThe expressions of galectin-3 protein and CD105 protein 〔microvessel density (MVD)〕 were detected in 60 cases of colorectal cancer tissues, 30 cases of adenoma tissues, and 30 cases of normal mucosa tissues (at least 4 cm far from carcinoma) by MicrowaveEliVisionTM immunohistochemistry, and the relationship with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. ResultsThe expressions of galectin3 protein and MVD in normal mucosa tissues, adenoma tissues, and cancer tissues gradually increased (Plt;0.05). The expression of galectin-3 protein and MVD in colorectal cancer tissues were correlated to TNM stage, invasive depth, and lymph node metastasis (Plt;0.05， Plt;0.01), and the expression of glectin-3 protein was also correlated to differentiated degree (Plt;0.05). The expression of galectin-3 protein in colorectal cancer tissues was positively correlated to MVD (r=0.420， Plt;0.01). ConclusionsThe high expressions of galectin-3 protein and CD105 protein are correlated to the high invasion ability and lymph node metastasis, which may be potential sensitive index to predict the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.
Microvascular dysfunction is a key pathological mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In recent years, it has been found that the phenomenon of "metabolic memory" is prevalent in diabetic patients, and diabetic microangiopaplasia cannot be avoided even if patients’ blood glucose is well controlled. Therefore, it is necessary to explore DR from a genetic perspective. miR-126 is the unique microRNA specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells, which is closely related to the formation of neovascularization and can affect the stability of DR microvessels as well as the germination and migration of endothelial cells, and its gene level is significantly negatively correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor. The potential value of intracellular and circulating miR-126 in the regulation of DR microvascular homeostasis, early diagnosis and treatment, and monitoring of disease course has attracted great attention. However, studies in this area are mostly hypothesis-driven and still have some limitations. It is believed that with the rapid development of genomics, the miRNA spectrum and its molecular mechanism in eye development and eye diseases will gradually become clear, which may lead to a breakthrough in the intervention of individual refractory retinal diseases and establish a new miRNA diagnosis and treatment method in the future.
ObjectiveTo observe the vascularity in periprosthetic tissues of aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to explore the relationship between expression of vascularity and osteolysis. MethodsBetween October 2009 and June 2012, interface tissues were obtained from 22 patients (22 hips) who underwent revision of THA because of prosthetic aseptic loosening, including 12 males and 10 females with the age range of 53-81 years and prosthesis survival range of 6-14 years. The interface tissues were divided into osteolysis group and non-osteolysis group based on preoperative X-ray findings and intraoperative observation. The synovial tissues were harvested from another 8 patients (3 males and 5 females, aged 58-72 years) with osteoarthritis undergoing THA as control group. HE stainging was used to observe the histological character, and low-wear or high-wear was identified according to metal or polyethylene particles amount in osteolysis group. The CD34 immunohistochemical staining was used to mark the blood vessels. Microvessel density and microvessel index were calculated with the use of image analysis software. ResultsHistological observation showed that wear particles and numerous macrophages/multinucleated giant cells accumulated in the membrane of osteolysis group, while many fibroblasts and synovial cells existed in non-osteolysis group. The microvessels density and microvessel index were significantly lower in non-osteolysis group than those in osteolysis group and control group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in microvessel density and microvessel index between osteolysis group and control group (P>0.05). There were less microvessel density and microvessel index in heavy-loaded metal or polyethylene wear particles areas than those in low-loaded metal or polyethylene wear particles areas (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in microvessel index and microvessel index between low-wear group and high-wear group for either polyethylene or metal particles (P>0.05). ConclusionThe phagocytosis of macrophage in periprosthetic tissues need vicinal microvessels formation and blood supply to some extent. Vascular injury and decreased blood supply at the implant-bone interface seem to be one of the reasons for insufficient implant osseointegration and aseptic loosening.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of macular vascular density of hypertensive patients without obvious hypertensive retinopathy (HRP).MethodsTwenty-three patients (hypertension group) diagnosed as grade 2 or grade 3 essential hypertension in Cardiology Department of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January to April 2019 were enrolled in the study. Among them, there were 13 males and 10 females. The mean age was 61.6 ± 5.6 years, and the mean BCVA was 0.74 ± 0.16. The course of hypertension was more than 7 years; Keith Wagener (K-W) grade was 0 or 1. Fifteen age-matched people without hypertension were selected as the control group, among which included 8 males and 7 females. Their average age was 59.7 ± 4.4 years and the average BCVA was 0.79 ± 0.17, the K-W grades were 0. There was no significant difference (P=0.265, 1.000, 0.563) between the two groups in age (t=1.739), sex ratio (χ2=0.036) or BCVA (t=0.585). All subjects were examined by BCVA, fundus photography and OCTA. OCTA scanned the macular area in the range of 3 mm × 3 mm. The software automatically divided the image into two concentric circles with the macular fovea as the center, which are the inner ring with a diameter of 1 mm (foveal area) and the outer ring with a diameter of 1-3 mm. The blood flow density of the whole, temporal, upper, nasal and lower capillary layers within 3 mm of the macular area, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, central foveal retinal thickness (CFT) were measured.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the vascular densities of total, temporal, nasal and inferior area of maculas (t=2.188, 2.472, 5.105, 2.734; P=0.037, 0.020, 0.000, 0.010) between the two groups, while no significant differences were evidenced in foveal vascular densities and superior vascular densities (t=0.575, 0.140; P=0.570, 0.889). There was no significant difference in FAZ area or CFT between the two groups (t=0.367, 0.753; P=0.714, 0.457). Macular arches were intact in all hypertension patients.ConclusionsThe vascular densities of total, temporal, nasal and inferior area of maculas in the hypertension patients without HRP decreased. The area of FAZ did not expand, and the structures of macular arch ring were normal.
Objective To study the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)，endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human gastric cancer and their relationship with tumor angiogenesis and to investigate the interaction of NOS and VEGF in gastric cancer. Methods The expression and distribution of VEGF, iNOS and eNOS in 34 gastric cancer specimens were detected with immunohistochemistry. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted with FⅧRAg immune specific staining. Results The expression rates of iNOS, eNOS and VEGF in 34 gastric cancers were 73.5%, 82.4% and 91.2% respectively. The expression of VEGF had a significant positive relation with iNOS, but not with eNOS. The MVDs of VEGF or iNOS positive gastric cancers were obviously higher than those of VEGF or iNOS negative gastric cancers. There was no significant difference between the MVDs of eNOS positive gastric cancers and eNOS negative ones. Conclusion MVD increases with increase of expression of VEGF and iNOS in gastric cancer. It is indicated that VEGF and iNOS can promote gastric cancer angiogenesis. VEGF and iNOS have a significant positive correlation, which suggests that in human gastric cancer, iNOS plays an important role in the production and action of VEGF.