Objective To investigate the mechanism of hyperacute rejection (HAR) in pig to rhesus monkey vein xenograft. Methods Porcine femoral vein was transplanted into rhesus monkey. Deposits of IgM, IgG, C3 and C4 on the grafts were observed by immunoflurescence. Results Great deal of IgM, C3 and C4 were seen along the endothelium of donor vein, but IgG was not seen. ConclusionIn pig to monkey xenograft model, HAR is intiated by the binding of xenoreactive IgM to donor xenoantigens and followed by the activation of complement via the classical pathway.
Objective To analyze the clinical data of monkeypox (mpox) cases in Chengdu, to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with mpox complicated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Mpox patients admitted to Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between June 29 and August 8, 2023 were continuously included. Patients were divided into an observation group and a control group based on whether they were complicated with HIV/AIDS. The clinical characteristics of two groups of patients were observed and compared. Results A total of 56 patients were included, all of whom were male; Age range from 19 to 51 years old, with an average of (31.6±5.9) years old; There were 23 cases in the observation group and 33 cases in the control group. Except for age, perianal lesions with infection, number of rashes, diarrhea, CD4+ lymphocyte count, CD4/CD8 ratio, syphilis, chest CT abnormalities, rash duration, and length of hospital stay (P<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in epidemiological data, clinical features, auxiliary examinations, treatment, and intensive care unit admission between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the Ct values of throat swab nucleic acid and blister fluid nucleic acid in the total population [(30.1±4.4) vs. (23.4±3.8); t=5.462, P<0.001]. Conclusions Mpox patients complicated with HIV/AIDS are prone to persistent, diverse, and severe lesions due to relatively lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Therefore, it is necessary to actively provide symptomatic treatment and prevent complications for patients.
Objective To explore the effect of SB431542 on monkey choroidal-retinal endothelial (RF/6A) cells in high glucose state and its mechanism of regulating mitochondrial autophagy by mediating the PINK1/Parkin pathway. MethodsCell experiments. The minimum effective drug concentration of SB431542 was determined by using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). RF/6A cells cultured in vitro were divided into normal group (NC group), mannitol group, high glucose group (HG group), high glucose with dimethyl sulfoxide group (HG + DMSO group), and high glucose + SB431542 group (HG + SB431542 group). CCK-8 and cell scratch assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration of RF/6A cells induced by high glucose. The expression of autophagosomes was detected by autophagy staining kit; the expression level of reactive oxygen species was detected by reactive oxygen species kit; the expression level of mitochondrial superoxide in cells was detected by MitoSOX fluorescent probe; the mitochondrial membrane potential level in cells was detected by JC-10 staining; the morphology of mitochondria was observed by MitoTracker staining, and the total area of mitochondria, average shape factor and branch length were quantitatively analyzed.Cellular immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to detect the fluorescence expression of EndMT markers vimentin and VE-cadherin; Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the protein expression of vimentin, VE-cadherin, and mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins TOMM20, LC3, P62, PINK1, and Parkin; one-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups.ResultsThe minimum effective drug concentration of SB431542 was 5 μmol/L. SB431542 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of RF/6A cells induced by high glucose (F = 81.92、87.84, P＜0.000 1). SB431542 suppressed the expression of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide induced by high glucose (F = 429.50, 450.20; P＜0.000 1), restored the mitochondrial membrane potential level (F = 315.3, P＜0.000 1), and restored the mitochondrial morphology (F = 209.50, P＜0.000 1). IF and WB confirmed that SB431542 inhibited the expression of Vimentin induced by high glucose (F = 117.30、51.11; P＜0.000 1) and upregulated the expression of VE-cadherin (F = 136.80、27.54; P＜0.000 1). WB further confirmed that SB431542 upregulated the protein expression of LC3, PINK1, and Parkin (F = 16.64, 37.72, 32.63; P＜0.05) and inhibited the protein expression of TOMM20 and P62 (F = 33.87, 67.77; P＜0.01). ConclusionSB431542 upregulates mitochondrial autophagy expression through activation of the PINK1/Parkin pathway, effectively restores mitochondria-related functions to maintain homeostasis, and inhibits high glucose-induced RF/6A cell proliferation,migration,and EndMT formation.
In the early stage of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) of experimental monkeys, the concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in blood was significantly increased. Stilamin could significantly reduce the level of TNF, decrease the mortality, and prolong the survival time of monkeys. The authors draw the conclusion that TNF is an important inflammatory media in the early stage of ANP. Stilamin can significantly inhibit the inflammatory process and has good effect in the treatment of ANP in experimental monkeys.