ObjectiveTo summarize the application of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodThe relevant literature on the application of cfDNA in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC from both domestic and international sources were reviewed and summarized. Results cfDNA is an emerging biomarker in recent years. At present, a large number of studies had used different detection methods to detect abnormal methylation, hot spot mutation, gene copy number variation, and quantitative detection of cfDNA concentration. It was found that cfDNA could be used in the management process of early diagnosis, treatment guidance, and efficacy evaluation of HCC patients. ConclusionscfDNA detection is a good tool in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, which can help clinicians make-decisions and bring more possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, which is of great significance for changing the current diagnosis and treatment of HCC. However, there are still many challenges in cost control, technology optimization and standardization of evaluation indicators. With the continuous progress of molecular biology technology and artificial intelligence, the application range of cfDNA in HCC diagnosis and treatment will be further expanded, its advantages will be better played, and the related shortcomings will be gradually solved.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress in research on the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in liver diseases. MethodThe relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years was searched and reviewed. ResultsThe H2S played an important role in the occurrence and development of the liver diseases through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, regulation of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, angiogenesis, cell death, and other mechanisms. However, the relevant mechanisms are still controversial. Future studies needed to deeply explore the specific role of H2S in the different liver diseases, and how to accurately control its level in vivo and achieve targeted drug administration. ConclusionsThe concentration of H2S in vivo can be regulated by supplementing exogenous H2S, adjusting intestinal microbiota or inhibiting key enzymes of H2S synthesis, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of liver diseases. However, the relevant mechanisms are still controversial, and future research needs to delve into the specific role of H2S in different liver diseases, as well as how to precisely control its levels in vivo and achieve targeted drug delivery.