Objective To summarize the change in the cytokine network, the classification of various cytokines, interaction, and systemic impact on patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods The recently published literatures in domestic and abroad about advancement of cytokines in AP were reviewed. Results Cytokines had a complex network and interactions. There were a variety of regulatory mechanisms. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin cytokines played important roles in the progress of AP. Conclusions Change of cytokines during AP is a complex process. Any separate regulation for the release of sigle factor has no significant effect on the disease. The treatment according to immune balance should be a better direction.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2(IL-2) and interleukin-6(IL-6) activities and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) contents in plasma from patients with different sites of cancers as well as controls using bioassay technique were studied. The results showed that the levels of IL-1,IL-2,IL-6 s from patients with different sites of cancer were decreased remarkably in comparision with controls and the contents of TNF from patients with different sites of cancers increased significantly. But the difference between different sites of cancer was not statistically significant. The data suggest that the variations in the contents of TNF and the levels of interleukins may be related to the development of these caner patients.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) on spinal motor neurons after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups, the right sciatic nerves of 20 Wistar rats were transected, the proximal stumps were inserted into a single blind silicone tube. 16 microliters of normal saline(NS) and TNF-alpha(30 U/ml) were injected into the silicone tubes. After 2 weeks, the 4th, 5th lumbar spinal cord were taken for examination. Enzyme histochemical technique and image analysis were used to show acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity of spinal motor neurons. RESULTS: The number of AChE and NOS staining neurons were 8.65 +/- 1.98 and 5.92 +/- 1.36 in the experimental group and 6.37 +/- 1.42 and 8.67 +/- 1.45 in the control group respectively, there were significant difference between the two groups(P lt; 0.01). CONCLUSION: It suggests that TNF-alpha has protective effect on motor neurons after peripheral nerve injury.
Objective To determine the concentration of int erleukin-12(IL-12),interleukin-2(IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and the irpossible role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) ． Methods Patients were divided into 3 groups:18 with PVR,7 with simples retinal detachment caused by macular hole and 4 samples from normal eyes were used as control.Sample s of vitreous were obtained by aspiration through pars plana before cryotherapy ,vitrectomy and gas injection and stored in liquid nitrogen at －70℃ within 30 minites for ELISA. Results ①The levels of IL-12,IL-2，and TNF in the vitreous of PVR were positively correlated with the degree of severity of disease.②The levels of IL-12, IL-2,and TNF in the PVR were higher than those in simple retinal detachment caused by macular hole and those in control group(Plt;0.01 ).③The levels of IL-12,IL-2，and TNF in retinal detachment caused by macular hole were also higher than those in the control group(Plt;0.01). Conclusion IL-12,IL-2，and TNF may play a role at lease to some extent in the pathogenesis of PVR. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:75-77)
Objective To summarize the role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) and gut barrier dysfunction in recent years. Methods Literatures on cytokines and experimental pancreatitis as well as clinical pancreatitis were collected and reviewed. Results Tumor necrosis factor-α and other inflammatory cytokines were elevated significantly during pancreatitis in many tissues, especially in pancreas and alimentary tract, in a fashion independent of the animal model used. Anti-cytokine therapy could decrease the concentration of the cytokines in experimental animal. Conclusion Inflammatory cytokines are believed to be primarily responsible for the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and its associated distant organ dysfunction. Further study of the nature of these cytokines may provide a new approach to treating this disease.
Objective To explore the mechanism of Liuhedan in promoting wound healing through applying Liuhedan to the infective wounds of New Zealand white rabbits. Methods A total of forty New Zealand white rabbit models of infective wounds were established after anesthesia. Five circular infective incisions were generated on the back of each rabbit, with a diameter of 2 cm. Five wounds of each rabbit were assigned respectively to the control group, model group, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (Oleum Lithospermum), Western medicine group (calcium alginat), and treatment group (Liuhedan). Wound dressings were performed every day since postoperative day 1. Ten rabbits were selected randomly to be euthanized on postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Each specimen was divided into two parts. One was used for detecting interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the other was used for detecting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by immunocytochemistry. Results On postoperative day 3 and 7, groups with the expression of IL-1β from low to high were respectively the control group, the treatment group, the Western medicine group, the TCM group, and the model group [postoperative day 3: (680.81±185.53), (1 028.67±205.57), (1 278.67±251.15), (1 449.86±230.74), (1 544.62±371.77) pg/mL; postoperative day 7: (1 024.43±239.94), (1 333.57±257.31), (1 635.14±222.40), (1 784.71±323.85), (1 953.29±324.78) pg/mL], and all the differences among the groups were significant (P<0.05); On postoperative day 14, groups with the expression of IL-1β from low to high were respectively the treatment group, the control group, the Western medicine group, the TCM group, and the model group [(908.71±108.61), (978.57±161.75), (1 120.43±265.39), (1 129.71±298.06), (1 191.14±234.92) pg/mL], and all the differences among groups were significant (P<0.05) except the difference between the Western medicine group and the TCM group (P>0.05); On postoperative day 21, the expression of IL-1β in the control group, the model group, the TCM group, and the Western medicine group was (487.19±121.80), (496.35±102.15), (500.31±139.34), (499.08±120.67) pg/mL, respectively, with no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05), which were all higher than that in the treatment group [(398.62±102.93) pg/mL] with significant difference (P<0.05). The expression of TNF-α in the model group was significantly greater than those in the other groups. The expression of TNF-α in the treatment group and Western medicine group was significantly lower compared with the model group. The expression of TNF-α in the TCM group was stronger compared with those in the treatment group and the Western medicine group. Conclusion Liuhedan can specifically suppress the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the treatment of infective wounds, decrease the release of inflammatory factor and promote the healing.
Objective To investigate the role of macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Ninety subjects were recruited from health examination center, outpatient or inpatient department in Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from July 2013 to December 2013. They were divided intoahealthy control group, a stable COPD group, and an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) group with 30 subjects in each group. The levels of MSP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the plasma of all subjects, as well as the levels of MSP in the induced sputum of the AECOPD and the stable COPD patients were assessed by enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent assay. Results The concentrations of MSP, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the plasma of the patients with COPD were obviously higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0.05) while much higher in AECOPD patients than those in stable COPD patients (P<0.01).The concentration of MSP in the induced sputum of the patients with AECOPD was higher than that in the stable COPD patients (P<0.01). The concentrations of MSP in the serum and induced sputum as well as serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the patients with COPD were negatively correlated with the level of FEV1%pred. The concentrations of MSP in the serum and induced sputum in the COPD patients were positively correlated with the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Conclusions The concentrations of serum and induced sputum MSP, and the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in COPD patients are related to the severity of the disease. MSP may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. The mechanism might be mainly involved in the regulation of airway inflammation.
Objective To investigate the expressions of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand （TRAIL） and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in human rectal cancer tissues and normal rectal tissues. MethodsThe expressions of TRAIL and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in 31 cases of human rectal cancer tissues and 20 cases of normal rectal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThe positive expression rates of TRAIL, DR4 and DcR1 （32.26%， 29.03%， 0） were lower than those of normal rectal tissues （55.00%， 70.00%， 65.00%）, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.015， P=0.000， P=0.000). There were no relation between the expressions of TRAIL, DR4 and DcR1 and clinicopathologic characteristics (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionThe expressions of TRAIL and its receptors (DR4, DcR1) in human rectal cancer tissues were lower than those of normal rectal tissues, which may suggest that the apoptotic effect induced by the interaction between TRAIL and its receptors has attenuated in human rectal cancer.
PURPOSE:To measure the concentration changes of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha;)in vitreous during the development of experimental PVR induced by macrophages and explore the initial and mediated factors which stimulate the cellular proliferation. METHODS:Rabbit PVR model was induced by macrophages and the vitreous was taken at the 7th,14th,21st and 28th day and 4 eyes in each group. The TNF-alpha; levels in vivreous of the above examinated and control eyes were measured with an ELISA kit. RESULTS:The TNF-alpha; level in the vitreous reached its peak 434mu;g/ml at 21st day in the mod-el, then rappidly decreased to 122mu;g/ml at 28th day. CONCLUSION:The changes of TNF-a in the vitreous of the PVR model were parallel to the natrual phases of the development of PVR,indicating TNF-alpha; may play an important role in initiating and mediating the inflammation and cellular proliferation in the vitreous. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 231-233）
63 normal human gallbladders (non-stone group) and 47 inflammed cholesterol stone gallbladders(stone group) were assayed for the amount of macrophages(ΜΦ),the levels of tumor necro-sis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1(1L-1).It was found that in stone group,the amount of ΜΦ was significantly higher than in non-stone group(ΜΦ4101.90±295.72 vs 572.13±30.07AU,Plt;0.01).The levels of TNF and 1L-1 released mainly from the MΦ in stone group were also significantly increased in comparison with those in non-stone group(TNF 18.12±2.03 vs 4.45±0.39ng/mg,Plt;0.001;1L-1 102.42±7.84 vs 66.75±9.50u/mg protein,Plt;0.05).These results suggest that the activited ΜΦ and increases of TNF,1L-1 may be closely related to the inflammatory reaction in gallbladders and the formation of cholesterol gallstones.