Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is one of the treatment-related side effects in cancer patients, which can reduce patients’ participation in medical decision-making and treatment, seriously affecting their daily function and quality of life. This article reviews the definition, research status, and influencing factors of CRCI in lung cancer patients, in order to provide basis and ideas for the subsequent evaluation and management of CRCI in lung cancer patients, and promote the optimization and improvement of the overall rehabilitation process of lung cancer patients.