This paper reports the study and design of a visualization system of the ultrasonic rhinitis therapeutic apparatus with the function of endoscopic sinus. On Linux operating platform, we captured the video data of a video capture card that connected the endoscopic sinus using Video4Linux (V4L2) that was provided by the operating system. The video images were displayed by Qt. The visualization system solved the problem that the current ultrasonic rhinitis therapeutic apparatus had to rely on the large and expensive endoscopy equipment. And this simplified the doctors' operation, met the need of monitoring nasal cavity in the process of operating, greatly reduced the costs of treatment and would contribute to the promotion of the instrument. As a result, it has been tested that the nasal endoscopic image achieved by the system is clear and smooth, and fully meet the clinical needs of ultrasonic treatment of rhinitis.
As an important component of the event related potential (ERP), late positive potential (LPP) is an ideal component for studying emotion regulation. This study was focused on processing and analysing the LPP component of the emotional cognitive reappraisal electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Firstly, we used independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm to remove electrooculogram, electromyogram and some other artifacts based on 16 subjects' EEG data by using EGI 64-channal EEG acquisition system. Secondly, we processed feature extraction of the EEG signal at Pz electrode by using one versus the rest common spatial patterns (OVR-CSP) algorithm. Finally, the extracted LPP component was analysed both in time domain and spatial domain. The results indicated that ① From the perspective of amplitude comparison, the LPP amplitude, which was induced by cognitive reappraisal, was much higher than the amplitude under the condition of watching neural stimuli, but lower than the amplitude under condition of watching negative stimuli; ② from the perspective of time process, the difference between cognitive reappraisal and watching after processing with OVR-CSP algorithm was in the process of range between 0.3 s and 1.5 s; but the difference between cognitive reappraisal and watching after processing with averaging method was during the process between 0.3 s and 1.25 s. The results suggested that OVR-CSP algorithm could not only accurately extract the LPP component with fewer trials compared with averaging method so that it provided a better method for the follow-up study of cognitive reappraisal strategy, but also provide neurophysiological basis for cognitive reappraisal in emotional regulation.
We proposed a research of a heart sound envelope extraction system in this paper. The system was implemented on LabVIEW based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). We firstly used the sound card to collect the heart sound, and then implemented the complete system program of signal acquisition, pretreatment and envelope extraction on LabVIEW based on the theory of HHT. Finally, we used a case to prove that the system could collect heart sound, preprocess and extract the envelope easily. The system was better to retain and show the characteristics of heart sound envelope, and its program and methods were important to other researches, such as those on the vibration and voice, etc.
ObjectiveTo explore the relation between the molecular subtypes and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel together with epirubicin(TE) in breast cancer. MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 239 patients with breast cancer who at least received 3 cycles of TE-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy from May 2011 to December 2012 in this hospital were included. Molecular subtypes were categorized into luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) positive, and triple negative by the immunohistochemical results of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), HER-2, and Ki-67 status. The relevant indicators of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients, such as pathological complete response(pCR) rate, age, and menstruation, etc. were analyzed. ResultsThere were 67(28.03%) patients with luminal A, 84(35.15%) luminal B, 21(8.79%) HER-2, and 67(28.03%) triple negative in these 239 patients with breast cancer. The differences of age, menstruation, axillary lymph node status etc. among the four molecular subtypes were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). The pCR rate of triple negative breast cancer(14.93%) was the highest among four subtypes, followed by luminal B(7.14%), HER-2 positive(4.76%) and luminal A(1.49%), there was a significant difference(P=0.027). ConclusionsComparing with luminal A, luminal B, and HER-2 positive breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer is the most sensitive to TE neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and it has the highest pCR rate. Therefore, different treatment should be selected according to molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Fetal heart sound is nonlinear and non-stationary, which contains a lot of noise when it is colleced, so the denoising method is important. We proposed a new denoising method in our study. Firstly, we chose the preprocessing of low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 200 Hz and the re-sampling. Secondly, we decomposed the signal based on empirical mode decomposition method (EMD) of Hilbert-Huang transform, then denoised some selected target components with wavelet soft threshold adaptive noise cancellation algorithm. Finally we got the clean fetal heart sound by combining the target components. In the EMD, we used a mask signal to eliminate the mode mixing problem, used mirroring extension method to eliminate the end effect, and referenced the stopping rule from the research of Rilling. This method eliminated the baseline drift and noise at once. To compare with wavelet transform(WT), mathematical morphology (MM) and the Fourier transform (FT), the SNR was improved obviously, and the RMSE was the minimum, which could satisfy the need of the practical application.
ObjectiveTo systemically evaluate the advantage of simplified single-patch technique used in complete atrioventricular septal defects. MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Annual Reviews, CNKI, Wanfang Data Libraries and Read Show Academic Search, and the retrieval date was March 2016. The literatures were screened and assessed according to inclusion criteria, and analyzed by meta-analysis STATA 11.0 software. The results were represented in standard mean difference (SMD), risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsCompared with the two-patch technique group, in the simplified single-patch technique group cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamping time, the length of hospital stay and the ICU stay as well as the mortality rate were satistically less (SMD=-0.93, 95% CI -1.24, -0.61, P=0.000; SMD=-1.02, 95% CI -1.39, -0.66, P=0.000; SMD=-0.10, 95% CI -0.43, -0.23, P=0.035; SMD=-0.12, 95% CI -0.29, -0.05, P=0.555; RR=0.93, 95% CI 0.66, 1.30, P=0.031, respectively). While there was no statistical difference in the reoperation rate (RR=0.87, 95% CI 0.65, 1.17, P=0.398). ConclusionSimplified single-patch technique has dominant superiority in operation time, ICU stay, mortality rate, and correlative complications induced by extracorporeal circulation. However, difference in reoperation rate is not significant.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the influencing factors and explore a better method of making rat model of type 2 diabetes by high fat and sugar diet and streptozotocin(STZ) injection. MethodsSixty SPF grade of 6 weeks male SD rats were fed with high fat and glucose diet by 4 weeks and then randomly divided into 3 groups, the control group rats(n=20) were injected citric acid by 50 mg/kg and fed with normal diet, and the diabetes mellitus group rats were further divided into 2 subgroups by the different doses of STZ:the rats of diabetes mellitus model group 1(n=20) were injected by 50 mg/kg, while the rats of diabetes mellitus model group 2(n=20) were injected by 35 mg/kg. The diabetes mellitus model group rats were fed with high fat and glucose diet continually. The fasting blood glucose(FBG) were measured on day 3, 7, 10, and 14, respectively. The success model rate(blood glucose > 16.7 mmol/L after 14 days) and the mortality rate were calculated. Meanwhile fasting serum insulin level(FSI), total serum cholesterol(TC), and triglyceride(TG) were measured. ResultsCompared with the control group, the levels of FBG, FSI, TC, and TG were increased significantly in the diabetes mellitus model group 1 and 2(P < 0.05). And insulin sensitivity was worsen markedly(P < 0.05). But the diabetes mellitus model group 2 had higher success rate of making model(85% vs. 75%) and lower mortality(0 vs. 25%), P < 0.05. ConclusionRat model of type 2 diabetes induced by 4 weeks of high fat and sugar feeding and 35 mg/kg STZ injection has high morbidity, strongly security, and stable features.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of pedicle screw internal fixation for the atlantoaxial instability of children. MethodsBetween July 2005 and January 2012, 19 cases of atlantoaxial instability were treated, included 10 boys and 9 girls with an average age of 7.5 years (range, 4-15 years). The X-ray films, CT, and MRI examinations of the cervical spine showed craniocervical malformation in 9 cases, congenital os odontoideum in 3 cases, odontoid fracture (type Ⅱ) in 1 case, disruption of transverse ligament in 2 cases, atlantoaxial fracture and dislocation in 4 cases; and spinal cord injury in 8 cases, according to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, 1 case was rated as grade B, 2 as grade C, and 5 as grade D. Preoperative skull traction was performed routinely on all cases, and complete reduction was achieved in 17 cases, no reduction in 2 cases. In 17 patients who achieved complete reduction, pedicle screw internal fixation was used through posterior approach, including occipitocervical fusion and fixation in 5 cases, and atlantoaxial fusion and fixation in 12 cases; in 2 patients with no reduction, pedicle screw internal fixation was used through posterior approach (atlantoaxial fusion and fixation) after release by transoral approach. ResultsThe operation was successfully performed in all patients. The mean operation time was 89 minutes; the mean intraoperative blood loss was 95 mL; the mean postoperative drainage volume was 73 mL; and the mean hospitalization days were 14 days. The patients were followed up 6-27 months (mean, 18.3 months). Satisfactory atlantoaxial fusion was obtained, and bone fusion was obtained at 3-7 months after operation (mean, 4.5 months). No breakage of screw or rods and re-dislocation occurred during follow-up. At last follow-up, the cervical range of motion (CROM) of the left and right rotation were (62.0±5.9)°and (63.9±3.8)°respectively in 5 patients receiving occipitocervical fusion and fixation, showing significant difference when compared with the values of normal children[(72.3±7.0)°and (74.1±7.6)°, respectively] at the same age (t=-3.915, P=0.018; t=-5.954, P=0.004). The CROM of the left and right rotation were (70.5±5.8)°and (72.7±4.9)°respectively in 14 patients receiving atlantoaxial fusion and fixation, showing no significant difference when compared with normal children at the same age (t=-1.417, P=0.180; t=-1.021, P=0.323). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly decreased from 7.8±1.1 at pre-operation to 3.5±0.8 at last follow-up (t=17.267, P=0.000). In 8 cases having spinal cord injury, 2 cases were rated as grade C, 1 case as grade D, and 5 cases as grade E according to ASIA impairment scale. ConclusionTechnique of pedicle screw internal fixation has been proven to be an effective treatment for the atlantoaxial instability of children. It plays an important part in relieving pain and limitation of the cervical region.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of laparoscopic surgery combined with the following treatment of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) on the patients with endometriotic infertility and the value of endometriosis fertility index (EFI) system on forecasting the pregnancy outcome. MethodsFrom January 2005 to July 2011, the clinical data of 15 patients with endometriotic infertility patients were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, and the effect was evaluated according to the endometriosis fertility index (EFI). Then all the patients were divided randomly into two groups on the basis of the different assisted treatment after the laparoscopic surgery:the control group (without any other therapy) and the GnRh-a group (combined with GnRH-a). Eventually, the pregnant rates were calculated respectively in the different groups or according to the different EFI. ResultsAt last, 103 cases finished the follow-up. The pregnancy rate in the control group after 6 months, 1 year and 3 years therapy were 12.5%, 31.2%, and 41.7%, respectively; while in the GnRh-a group were 0%, 16.3%, and 40.0%, respectively. There were no difference between the two groups after the 1 year and 3 years therapy (P>0.05). Besides, all of the 55 cases in the GnRh-a group had side-effects, but no severe adverse effect was encountered. All the side-effects were disappeared after stopping the treatment. The pregnancy rate of the patients with the EFI score of 8-10 was respectively 31.3% 1 year and 62.5% 3 years after the treatment. However, the pregnancy rate of the patients with the EFI score of 5-7 was respectively 15.2% 1 year and 26.0% 3 years after the treatment. There were only 9 patients with the EFI score of 0-4, and all of them were not pregnant. The EFI score had positive correlation with the pregnancy rate 1 year and 3 years after the treatment (rs=0.204, P=0.039; rs=0.437, P<0.001). ConclusionThe treatment of GnRh-a after the laparoscopic surgery can not only increase the rate of the pregnancy, but also delay the pregnancy occasion and increase the occurrence of the side-effects. The EFI may be valuable for forecasting the rate of pregnancy in patients with endometriotic infertility. The patients with EFI score higher than 8 may expect the pregnancy, while the ones with below 7 probably have much lower rate of natural pregnancy rate.
ObjectiveTo explore an optimized protocol of decellularization to fabricate an ideal scaffold derived from porcine skeletal muscle acellular matrix. MethodsSerial-step protocol of homogenating-milling-detergent method was used to fabricate decellularized porcine muscle tissue (DPMT) derived from native porcine skeletal muscle tissue from adult pig waist. Histological method was used to assess the effects of decellularization and degreasing. Sirius red staining was used to analyze collagen components. Scanning electron microscopy, BCA assay, and PicoGreen assay were used to evaluate the ultrastructure, total protein content, and DNA content in DPMT. The adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), NIH3T3 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in extraction liquor of DPMT in different concentrations for 1, 3, and 5 days, then the relative growth rate was calculated with cell counting kit 8 to assess the toxicity in vitro. Live/dead cell staining was used to evaluate the cytocompatibility by seeding HUVECs on the surface of DPMT and co-cultured in vitro for 3 days. For in vivo test, DPMT was subcutaneously implanted at dorsal site of male specific-pathogen free Sprague Dawley rats and harvested after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Gross obersvation was done and transverse diameter of remained DPMT in vivo was determined. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining of CD31 were used to assess inflammatory response and new capillary rings formation. ResultsDecellularization of the porcine skeletal muscle tissue by homogenating-milling-detergent serial steps protocol was effective, time-saving, and simple, which could be finished within only 1 day. The decellularizarion and degreasing effect of DPMT was complete. The main component of DPMT was collagen type I and type IV. The DNA content in DPMT was (15.902±1.392) ng/mg dry weight, the total protein content was 68.94% of DPMT dry weight, which was significantly less than those of fresh skeletal muscle tissue[(140.727±10.422) ng/mg and 93.14%] (P<0.05). The microstructure of DPMT was homogeneous and porous. The result of cytocompatibility revealed that the cytotoxicity of DPMT was 0-1 grade, and HUVECs could stably grow on DPMT. In vivo study revealed DPMT could almost maintain its structural integrity at 14 days and it degraded completely at 28 days after implantation. The inflammatory response peaked at 3 days after implantation, and reduced obviously at 7 days. Difference was significant in the number of inflammatory cells between 2 time points (P<0.05). Neovascularization was observed at 7 days after implantation and the number of new vessels increased at 14 days, showing significant difference between at 7 and 14 days (P<0.05). ConclusionThe homogenating-milling-detergent serial-steps protocol is effective, time-saving, and reproducible. The DPMT reveals to be cell and lipid free, with highly preserved protein component. DPMT has good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo and may also have potential in promoting neovascularization.