ObjectiveTo review the research progress of medicine biomaterials in prevention and treatment of adhesion after tendon injury, and to provide reference for clinical treatment.MethodsThe literature on the application of medical biomaterials in the prevention and treatment of tendon adhesions in recent years was reviewed, and the biological process, treatment methods, and current status of tendon adhesions were summarized.ResultsTendon adhesion as part of the healing process of the tendon is the biological response of the tendon to the injury and is also a common complication of joint dysfunction. Application of medical biomaterials can achieve better biological function of postoperative tendon by reducing the adhesion of peritendon tissues as far as possible without adversely affecting the tendon healing process.ConclusionThe use of medical biomaterials is conducive to reduce the adhesion of tendon after operation, and the appropriate anti-adhesion material should be selected according to the patients’ condition and surgical needs.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on adhesion characteristics of osteoblasts, aimed at the important problem in bone tissue engineering of how to promote the adherence of osteoblasts to extracellular matrix materials. METHODS: 5 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml bFGF were used to induce bone marrow stromal-derived osteoblasts of rabbit for 24 hours before incubation, and the common culture medium as the control. The attached cells were calculated with stereology method at 0.5 hour, 1st hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour after seeding. RESULTS: The number of attached cells was significant higher in the experimental group when induced by 10 ng/ml bFGF than that in the control group (P lt; 0.01); the number did not increase with the increase of bFGF concentration and there was no significant difference between the experimental group induced by 100 ng/ml bFGF and control group, and the number was even obviously lower in the experimental group when induced by 200 ng/ml than the control group (P lt; 0.01). CONCLUSION: bFGF can influence the adhesion characteristics of osteoblasts, 10 ng/ml bFGF can promote the adherence of osteoblasts to matrix materials, but 200 ng/ml bFGF may inhibit cell adhesion.
Objective To study the adhesion-preventing effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) combined slow-releasing degradable membrane.Methods The bFGF combined slow-releasing degradable membrane was made from bFGF and the reagent which could promote fibrinogen synthesize. Sixty-six SD rats were divided into groups A,B,C randomly (22 rats each group). In group A, sutured achilles tendon were encapsulated with bFGF combined slow-releasing degradable membrane;in group B, sutured achilles tendon were encapsulated with degradable membrane without any drug; in group C, achilles tendon were only sutured. Ninety days later, light-microscope, electronmicroscopoe, figureanalysing, hydroxyproline content, extent of peritendon adhesion and biomechanic test were evaluated.Results ①The amount of fibroblast and fibrinogen inside the sutured tendon in group A was larger than that inits peripheral connective tissue and in groups B and C (P＜0.05). Thecontent of hydroxyproline and the ultimate tensile strength in group A was higher than those in groups B and C(P＜0.01).② The peripheral tissue in group A almostremains the formal loose connective tissue, but it became dense connective tissue in groups B and C and grew into the tendon. Moreover, the extent of adhesion in group A was lesser than that in groups B, C according to the mensuration of peritendon adhesion.Conclusion The bFGF combined slow-releasing degradable membrane can make the intrinsic healing of tendon faster than peripheral
Objective To study the relationship between expression of nm23, CD44 in gastric carcinoma and lymph-node metastasis and prognosis. Methods Expression of nm 23, CD44H and CD44V6 in 105 cases of gastric carcinoma were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Among them, 59 cases were followed up. Results The incidences of nm23, CD44H and CD44V6 protein positivity in gastric carcinoma were 44.8%, 54.3% and 48.6% respectively. The positive expression of nm23, CD44V6 protein in human gastric carcinoma tissues was related to the differentiation, depth of invasion, TNM stage and prognosis (Ｐ＜0.05), but expression of CD44H was not correlated with other clinicopathologic indices. The reactivity to these three antibodies were correlate with metastasis of lymph nodes (Ｐ＜0.01 for CD44V6 and Ｐ＜0.05 for nm23, CD44H). Conclusion Expression of the standard form of CD44 (CD44H) might be useful in observing the progression of the disease, wile CD44V6 and nm23 hold promise as a prognostic indicator.
Objective To observe the protective effect on rat lung by using N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) a inhibiter of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the period of reperfusion. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into a control group and a trail group.The harvested lung blocks of 12 rats were flushed with and stored in the low-potassium-dextran (LPD) solution at 4℃ for 16 hours. The isolated rat lung reperfusion models were established and the donor lungs were perfused for 1 hour. NAC was used in the trail group but normal saline was used in control group. Partical pressure of oxygen in artery (PaO2), peak airway pressure (PawP) were measured at every 15 min intervals during reperfusion. After reperfusion, the lung tissue wet-to-dry(W/D)ratio, and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity were obtained. The protein and mRNA expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), NF-κB were also observed by using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR at the end of reperfusion. Results The level of decreased PaO2 and increased PawP in trail group were lower than those in control group at every interval time the sample obtained after reperfusion in 60 min. (Plt;0.01 or lt;0.05). After reperfusion the W/D,MPO, the protein and mRNA expressions of ICAM-1, NF-κB were decreased evidently in trail group than those in control group(Plt;0.01 or lt;0.05). Conclusion Using NAC in the period of reperfusion, can effectively inhibit the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1,further improve lung respiratory functions.
To explore the effect of hydroxybutyl chitosan on the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesion in rats. Methods Ninety SD rats (half males and half females) weighing 250-280 g underwent laparotomy with subsequent cecal wall abrasion and peritoneal adhesion. Rats were randomized into 3 groups (n=30 per group): group A, injection of 2 mL hydroxybutyl chitosan solution (2%); group B, injection of 2 mL sodium hyaluronate solution(2%); group C, the abdomen of rat was exposed for 30 seconds and served as control group. The general condition of the rats was observed after operation. The rats were killed 2 and 4 weeks after operation, 15 rats per group at a time, to undergo gross and histologyobservation. The degree of adhesion was evaluated by double-bl ind method. The microstructure of injured electroscope cecal wall in groups A and C was observed with transmission electroscope 4 weeks after operation. Results All rats survived till the end of experiment. At 2 weeks after operation, the adhesion and the hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue and collagen in groups A and B were sl ight while the adhesion in group C was serious with severe hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue. According to the measurement classification by Nair histological grading, the difference between groups A and B and group C was significant (P lt; 0.05), while no significant difference was evident between group A and group B (P gt; 0.05). At 4 weeks after operation, the adhesion in group A was mild, and the hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue and collagen were sl ight; the adhesion and the hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue and collagen in group C were serious. The levels of group B were between group A and group C. The differences among three groups were significant (P lt; 0.05). Transmission electroscope showed inactive fibroblasts and loose thin collagen fibers in group A, and active fibroblasts and closely collagen fibers arranged in a disorderly manner in group C. Conclusion Hydroxybutyl chitosan can decrease the hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue and inhibit the activity of fibroblasts significantly, and has a long-term role of preventing peritoneal adhesion.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Smad4 on the fibrosis of tendon derived fibroblasts (TDFs) induced by transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) by targeted regulation of miRNA219-5P (miR219-5P). MethodsThe tendons donated by the volunteers were harvested to isolate and culture TDFs. The 3rd generation cells were used for experiment. Chemically synthesized miR219-5P mimics, miR219-5P inhibitor, and negative control sequences were transfected into TDFs. The gene expression of miR219-5P in TDFs was detected by real-time PCR, and the protein expression of Smad4 in TDFs was detected by Western blot at 48 hours after transfection. The combining sites of miR219-5P and Smad4 in 3'UTR district were predicted by informatics software. Wild type and mutant type reporter gene expression vectors were constructed and then targeted verification was carried out by the luciferase reporter gene test. Transfected TDFs were then induced by TGF-β1. The proliferation activity of the cells were measured by the cell counting kit 8 after culturing for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The expressions of fibrosis related proteins in TDFs were detected by Western blot at 72 hours. ResultsAfter TDFs were transfected by miR219-5P mimics, miR219-5P expression was significantly up-regulated, but the expressions of Smad4 was decreased subsequently (P<0.05). Intracellular expression of miR219-5P was inhibited by miR219-5P mimics inhibitor, however, the protein expression of Smad4 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Luciferase reporter gene test showed that luciferase activities were significantly decreased in pGL3-WT-Smad4+mimics group, but were significantly increased in pGL3-WT-Smad4+inhibitor group when compared with pGL3-WT-Smad4 transfected group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between GL3-MT-Smad4+mimics and pGL3-MT-Smad4+inhibitor groups (P>0.05). Cell proliferation and the fibrosis related proteins were increased in TGF-β1 induced TDFs, however, decreased in TGF-β1 induced TDFs after transfected by miR219-5P inhibitor (P<0.01). ConclusionmiR219-5P can significantly inhibit fibrosis of TDFs induced by TGF-β1 by down-regulating Smad4 expression.
Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin-10 （IL-10） gene transfer on expression of CD44, selectin-E, lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 （LFA-1）, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1） in mice heart transplantation rejection. Methods Model of mice cervical heterotopic heart transplantation was set up, 96 mice were divided into three groups with random number table, control group： heart transplantation between C57 mice; transplant group： heart from BALB/C mice transplant to C57 mice; IL-10 group： IL-10 was transfected on BALB/C mice isolated heart for 1 hour, then transplanted to C57 mice. The messenger ribonucleic acid （mRNA） level expression of CD44 ,selectin-E ,LFA-1 ,VCAM-1 and IL-10 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） at the 5th day after transplantation. Results The mRNA level expression of CD44, selectin-E ,LFA-1 ,VCAM-1 in transplant group were significantly increased than those in control group （P〈0.01）. The mRNA level expression of CD44, selectin-E, LFA-1 ,VCAM-1 in IL-10 group were significantly decreased than those in transplant group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion IL-10 gene transfer is able to decrease the expression of CD44, selectin-E,LFA-1 ,VCAM-1 and suppress the heart transplantation rejection in mice.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress of p120-catenin (p120ctn)——a new member of catenin family in tumor research. MethodsDemestic and international published literatures related to p120ctn in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results① p120ctn was involved in formation of cadherincatenin complex, participated in cell growth, proliferation, and adheren junctions. ② p120ctn regulated Rho GTP activity and promoted cell motility. ③ p120ctn was involved in the regulation of gene transcription through binding with the nuclear transcription factor Kaiso. ④ p120ctn was involved in angiogenesis process induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. ⑤ p120ctn was involved in inflammation, cell malignant transformation, and tumor invasion and metastasis. ConclusionsAs a new member of catenin family, p120ctn participates in a variety of biological processes relying on its cellular localization. It will be facilitated to judge the genesis and progression of tumor from the abnormal alteration of p120ctn according to understanding the biological function and mechanism of p120ctn in the molecular level, a new pathway in the prevention and treatment of cancer is provided.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of intercellular adhesion (ica) operon of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the inflammation associated with mixed biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans on endotracheal tube material in rabbits. MethodsThe standard strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (ica operon positive, positive group) and ATCC12228 (ica operon negative, negative group) were taken to prepare a bacterial solution with a concentration of 1×106 CFU/mL, respectively. Then, the two bacterial solutions were mixed with the standard strain of Candida albicans ATCC10231 of the same concentration to prepare a mixed culture solution at a ratio of 1∶1, respectively. The mixed culture solution was incubated with endotracheal tube material for 24 hours. The formation of mixed biofilm on the surface of the material was observed by scanning electron microscope. Thirty New Zealand rabbits, aged 4-6 months, were divided into two groups (n=15), and the endotracheal tube materials of the positive group and the negative group that were incubated for 24 hours were implanted beside the trachea. The body mass of rabbits in the two groups was measured before operation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation. At 1, 3, and 7 days after operation, the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and monocytechemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were detected by using an ELISA test kit. At 7 days after operation, the formation of mixed biofilm on the surface of the endotracheal tube materials was observed by scanning electron microscope, the inflammation and infiltration of tissues around the materials were observed by HE staining, and the bacterial infections in heart, lung, liver, and kidney were observed by plate colony counting method.ResultsScanning electron microscope observation showed that the mixed biofilm structure was obvious in the positive group after 24 hours in vitro incubation, but no mixed biofilm formation was observed in the negative group. In vivo studies showed that there was no significant difference in body mass between the two groups before operation and at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation (P>0.05). Compared with the negative group, the levels of MCP-1 and IL-1β at 1 day, and the levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α at 3 and 7 days in the positive group all increased, with significant differences (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation showed that a large amount of Staphylococcus epidermis and mixed biofilm structure were observed in the positive group, and a very small amount of bacteria was observed in the negative group with no mixed biofilm structure. HE staining of surrounding tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltration in both groups, and neutrophils and lymphocytes were more in the positive group than in the negative group. There was no significant difference in the number of bacterial infections in heart and liver between the two groups (P>0.05). The number of bacterial infections in lung and kidney in the positive group was higher than that in negative group (P<0.05).ConclusionIn the mixed infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, the ica operon may strengthen the structure of the biofilm and the spread of the biofilm in vivo, leading to increased inflammatory factors, and the bacteria are difficult to remove and persist.