Objective To investigate the related factors of effects on distant visual acuity after photodynamic therapy (PDT) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods One hundred and thirty-five cases (135 eyes ) of CNV treated with PDT were observed. The gender, preoperative distant and near visual acuity, disease course, pathogeny, area of CNV, types of CNV ascertained by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and changes of CNV in FFA were recorded. Multi-factor regression analysis of visual acuity within 1 month and 3 months after PDT was performed with SPSS statistics software. Results The distant visual acuity within 1 month postoperatively was related to the preoperative distant visual acuity, the area of CNV and the changes in the FFA（P=0.000,0.030,0.062）, and 3 months after PDT, it was related to the distant and near visual acuity preoperatively and the changes in the FFA（P=0.000,0.054,0.034）. The condition of distant visual acuity within 1 month postoperatively was related to the FFA type of CNV and the disease course（P=0.018,0.08）. Conclusion The smaller the area of CNV is, the better postoperative distant visual acuity would be. The proportion of improvement of visual acuity is relatively higher in patients with classic CNV. Early treatment for the patients with the indicatio may improve the visual acuity effectively. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：292-294)
Objective To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents( NMBAs) in acute respiratory distress syndrome( ARDS) . Methods Randomized controlled trials( RCTs) and non-RCTs were recruited fromPubMed( 1966. 1-2012. 3) , EMBASE( all the years) , Cochrane Library( all the years) and CNKI Database( 1979-2012) . Related published studies and attached references were hand searched. All the RCTs and non-RCTs ( including prospective and retrospective studies) about NMBAs for the patients with ARDS were included. Then a meta-analysis and statistic descriptions for RCTs( using RevMan5. 0 software) and non-RCTs were performed. Jadad and NEWCASTLE-OTTAWA QUALITY ASSESSMENT SCALE were used to assess the methodological quality of the included RCTs and non-RCTs. Results Three eligible RCTs and four non-RCTs were enrolled. The quality of the included trials was high. Pooled analysis for three RCTs showed that NMBAs significantly reduced 28-day mortality [ OR 0. 58, 95% CI( 0. 39, 0. 86) , P = 0. 007] and increased ventilator-free days within 28 days [ WMD 1. 91 d, 95% CI( 0. 28,3. 55) , P =0. 02] in ARDS compared with the control group. Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicates that NMBAs reduce the 28-day mortality and increase ventilator-free days within 28 days in ARDS.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library (Issue 7, 2014), CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data from their inception to August 2014, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness and safety of flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. And then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 4 RCTs involving 3 881 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:compared with the placebo group, the flibanserin group was superior in increasing the number of satisfying sexual events (SSE) (MD=0.72, 95%CI 0.51 to 0.92, P<0.000 01), improving the eDiary desire score (MD=2.21, 95%CI 1.45 to 2.97, P<0.000 01), FSFI domain score (MD=0.29, 95%CI 0.24 to 0.35, P<0.01) and FSFI total score (MD=1.82, 95%CI 1.47 to 2.17, P<0.000 01), and decreasing the FSDS-R item 13 score (MD=-0.24, 95%CI -0.31 to -0.17, P<0.000 01) and FSDS-R total score (MD=-2.70, 95%CI -3.43 to -1.96, P<0.000 01). However, the incidence of adverse events in the flibanserin group was higher than that of the placebo group (OR=1.31, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.54, P=0.001). ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that, in premenopausal women with HSDD, flibanserin treatment is effective but may increase the incidence of adverse events.
Objective To evaluate the sensitivity， specificity, and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in characterizing adnexal masses. Methods The databases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed， EMbase， CNKI， and WanFang Data were searched on computer from 1991 to 2011. The reviewers screened the trials according to inclusion and exclusion criteria strictly, extracted the data， and assessed the methodology quality. Meta-analysis were performed using the Metadisc 1.40 software. The acquired pooled sensitivity, specificity， and summary receiver operating characteristic curve （SROC） were used to describe the diagnostic value. The pooled likelihood ratios were calculated based on the pooled sensitivity and specificity. Results Ten case-control studies involving 649 women who were suspected to have pelvic masses were included and 729 masses were confirmed by the postoperative histopathology. The pooled statistical results of meta-analysis showed that：the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 〔89%（84%-92%）， P=0.046 6〕 and 〔87% （83%-90%）， P=0.000 2〕 respectively, the positive and negative likelihood ratios of MRI were 6.25（P=0.008 5） and 0.14（P=0.029 1） respectively, and the area under the SROC curve （AUC） was 0.941. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound were 〔87%（82%-91%）， P=0.000 0〕 and 〔73%（69%-77%）, P=0.000 0〕 respectively, the positive and negative likelihood ratios of MRI were 3.07（P=0.000 0） and 0.18（P=0.000 1） respectively， and the AUC was 0.897. The speci?city and accuracy of MRI in characterizing female pelvic masses were higher than ultrasound obviously. Conclusion According these evidences， the MRI should be recommended to the women who are suspected to have pelvic masses as a preferred.
Purpose To identify matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in human vitreous samples of diabetic vitreoretinopathy (DR) and other ocular diseases (non-DR) and to probe the related factors of MMP expression． Methods Thirty-one diabetic and 17 non-diabetic vitreous samples (nine macular hole and eight epiretinal membrane patients) were examined． Samples were concentrated and subjected to substrate zymography to conduct a quantitative analysis of MMP-2,9 activity． The technology of Western blotting against anti-human MMP-2,9 was performed to identify MMP in vitreous samples． Results Vitreous samples both from DR patients and from non-DR patients showed a single band at the position of 72 kDa, correspondin g to MMP-2． Quantitative analysis revealed that diabetic vitreous showed higher MMP-2 activity than non-DR, although the difference was not significant.45.2% of DR patients showed MMP-9, but no expression in non-DR．Among DR samples, the positive ratio of MMP-9 in partial posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)(66．7%) was significantly higher than that of complete PVD (15．4%)． Western blotting study confirmed the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9． Conclusion There is no obvious difference of MMP-2 activity between DR and non-DR． MMP-9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic vitreor etinopathy and the deterioration of proliferative change． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:195-197
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the risk prediction model of anastomotic fistula after radical resection of esophageal cancer, and to provide objective basis for selecting a suitable model. MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted on Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library for relevant studies on the risk prediction model of anastomotic fistula after radical resection of esophageal cancer from inception to April 30, 2023. Two researchers independently screened literatures and extracted data information. PROBAST tool was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability of included literatures. Meta-analysis was performed on the predictive value of common predictors in the model with RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 18 studies were included, including 11 Chinese literatures and 7 English literatures. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction models ranged from 0.68 to 0.954, and the AUC of 10 models was >0.8, indicating that the prediction performance was good, but the risk of bias in the included studies was high, mainly in the field of research design and data analysis. The results of the meta-analysis on common predictors showed that age, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, C-reactive protein, history of preoperative chemotherapy, hypoproteinemia, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary infection, and calcification of gastric omental vascular branches are effective predictors for the occurrence of anastomotic leakage after radical surgery for esophageal cancer (P<0.05). ConclusionThe study on the risk prediction model of anastomotic fistula after radical resection of esophageal cancer is still in the development stage. Future studies can refer to the common predictors summarized by this study, and select appropriate methods to develop and verify the anastomotic fistula prediction model in combination with clinical practice, so as to provide targeted preventive measures for patients with high-risk anastomotic fistula as soon as possible.
The directed functional connectivity in cerebral cortical is the key to understanding the pattern of the behavioral tissue. This process was studied to explore the directed functional network of rifle shooters at cerebral cortical rhythms from electroencephalogram (EEG) data, aiming to provide neurosciences basis for the future development of accelerating rifle skill learning method. The generalized orthogonalized partial directed coherence (gOPDC) algorithm was used to calculate the effective directed functional connectivity of the experts and novices in the pre-shot period. The results showed that the frontal, frontal-central, central, parietal and occipital regions were activated. Moreover, the more directed functional connections numbers in right hemispheres were observed compared to the left hemispheres. Furthermore, as compared to experts, novices had more activated regions, the stronger strength of connections and the lower value of the global efficiency during the pre-shot period. Those indirectly supported the conclusion that the novices needed to recruit more brain resources to accomplish tasks, which was consistent with " neural efficiency” hypothesis of the functional cerebral cortical in experts.
Objective To investigate the relationship between smoking and lung cancer by evidence-based evaluation. Methods Using Meta-analysis method, the results of 29 case-control studies involving the relationship between smoking and lung cancer in recent decade were analyzed by Review Manager 4. 2 software. Results The association between smoking and lung cancer was significant ( Z =12. 16, P lt; 0. 000 01) , and the pooled OR value was 5. 75( 4. 34, 7. 62) . The population attributable risk percentage( PARP) of smoking was 69. 16% . The pooled OR of 1-10 cpd( cigarettes per day) , 10-20 cpd, 20-40 cpd and more than 40 cpd were 1. 97( 1. 69, 2. 30) , 5. 20( 3. 54, 7. 62) , 7. 46( 5. 22, 10. 67) and 15. 14 ( 5. 27, 43. 44) respectively. The pooled OR of less than 20 years of smoking duration, 20-40 years and more than 40 years were 1. 25( 1. 01, 1. 53) , 5. 10( 3. 03, 8. 57) and 10. 77( 7. 30, 15. 89) respectively. While the pooled ORof less than 10 pack-years, 10-20 pack-years, 20-40 pack-years and more than 40 pack-years were 1. 73( 1. 01, 2. 96) , 3. 73 ( 3. 02, 4. 61) , 5. 69 ( 3. 79, 8. 54) and 8. 41 ( 4. 56, 15. 51) respectively. The pooled OR of initial smoking age less than 15 years old, 15-20 years old and more than 20 years old were 13. 31( 7. 09, 24. 97) , 7. 21( 4. 51, 11. 52) and 4. 74( 3. 47, 6. 47) respectively. The pooled OR of quitting smoking for 1-10 years, 10-20 years and more than 20 years were 7. 16( 4. 70, 10. 91) , 2. 12( 1. 16, 3. 86)and 1. 47 ( 0. 67, 3. 20 ) respectively, and more than 20 years of quitting smoking had no significant difference. The pooled OR of light smoking and deep smoking were 3. 26( 1. 24, 8. 58) and 8. 07( 4. 67, 13. 94) respectively. Conclusions Smoking is an important risk factor of lung cancer. Meta-anlalysis revealed cigarettes comsuption per day, smoking duration, total amount of cigarettes ( pack-years) , smoking behaviour( depth) , initial age of smoking and duration of quitting smoking can increase the risk of lung cancer.
In order to investigate the effect of vascular beds on the vascular wall of autogenously grafted vein, femoral veins were reversely placed in between the cut ends of collateral femoral arteries in 11 dogs with atraumatic technique. The grafted veins were covered with vivid muscle or skin respectively after being assured to be patent, and investigated by histomorphologic method and computerized image analysis technique at postoperative intervals of 1 week, 4 weeks and 16 weeks. The results showed that: 1. One graft developed pseudoaneurysm at 1 week, and two grafts were occulded in skin-covered group, whereas, no complications occurred in muscle-covered group. 2. Intimal thickening of grafts in skin-covered group was much more obvious than that in the muscle-covered group (P lt; 0.05). 3. The relative contents of microstructural components of the graft wall showed no significant difference quantitatively between the two groups. So, the conclusion was: 1. Subcutaneous transplantation appeared to be a potential causative factor in inducing short-term excessive dilatation and long-term intimal hyperplasia of vein graft. 2. Muscular covering is of priority in blood vessel graft.
Objective To investigate the expression and characteristics distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and its receptor during the development of retina of healthy Sprague-Dawley（SD）and Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with hereditary retinal degeneration. Methods The expression and distribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor were detected by immunohistochemical staining in the retinal paraffin sections of SD and RCS rats from newborn to 12 moths old. Results In the normal retina of SD rats 0-7 days after birth, positive CNTF staining was found in all of the retinal layers and the staining of ganglion cells strengthened and other cells weakened as the age of rats increased; the staining of ganglion cells reached the peak at the 4th week and lasted till the agedness. The same results of the CNTF staining were also found in RCS rats retina. Weak positive staining of CNTFR in all of the retinal layers was seen in the 0-3-day-old SD rats; the ganglion cells were darkly stained and incontinuous positive staining at the site which would develop to be the external segment was found; as the age increased, the positive staining of external segment of photoreceptor enhanced and reached the peak at the 14-28th day after birth. At the 56th day, the staining of ganglion cells in retina of SD rats was strengthened while the staining of external segment weakened till the agedness. The expression of CNTFR in retina of 3-14-day-old RCS rats was the same as which of normal SD rats basically, but the staining of external segment weakened obviously from the 21st day on, and negative staining of external and positive ganglion cells were detected at the 28th day till the agedness. Conclusions Expression of CNTF in normal SD rats and RCS rats with hereditary retinal degeneration is almost the same. The presence of significant difference of expression of CNTFR between normal SD rats retina and RCS rats retina may provide the experimental gist for the CNTF treatment to retinal degeneration. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 120-123)