Determination of free radical has been done in the fibrous capsules with electron spin resonaee (ESR). The results showed that there was a marked production of oxygen free radical, and the superoxide dismutase could scavenge it effectively. The author discussed the oxygen relationship of free radicals with the collagen synthesis in the fibrous capsule.
Objective To summarize the research progress of magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE) in application for gastric diseases. Method By searching the literatures in domestic and foreign database, the latest literatures on the application of MCCE for gastric diseases were reviewed. Results Compared with traditional gastroscopy, the diagnostic accuracy of MCCE was comparable to that of traditional gastroscopy, and there was no serious complications had been reported in use of MCCE. In addition, MCCE had advantages of comfort, safety, and prevention of cross-infection. However, it could not be used for biopsy and treatment. With the constant technical innovation, application of MCCE would be more extensive in future. Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of MCCE in gastric diseases is high. Compared with traditional gastroscopy, it has more advantages. The shortcomings of MCCE can be improved with the development of science and technology, and it can be used for the initial screening of gastric diseases.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of butylphthalide soft capsule with routine treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsDatabases including CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, and The Cochrane Library were electronically searched from September 2002 to July 2018 to collect randomized controlled trials of butylphthalide soft capsule with routine treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. The trial was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the methodological quality of the included trial was assessed. Meta-analysis was then performed by Revman 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 8 studies involving 576 patients were included. The butylphthalide soft capsule group included 283 patients and the control group included 293 patients. The result of meta-analysis showed that butylphthalide soft capsule with routine treatment (Donepezil hydrochloride or Memantine or EGb761) significantly improved the score of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (MD=3.19, 95% CI 2.69 to 3.69, P<0.001) and clinical efficacy (RR=1.36, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.53, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in number of adverse events between the butylphthalide group and the control group (RR=1.13, 95%CI 0.77 to 1.67, P=0.52).ConclusionsBased on the routine treatment, combining with butylphthalide soft capsule can further facilitate cognitive function of AD and improve clinical efficacy. At the same time, no increase in adverse reactions has been found. However, due to the low quality of the included studies, more high quality randomized controlled trials are required to verify the results.
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Xiao’er kang xian capsule added to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) in the treatment of children with refractory epilepsy and its influence on serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and cludter of differentiation 19+ (CD19+) levels. Methods A total of 60 children with refractory epilepsy were selected from the pediatric outpatient department and ward of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from February 2021 to June 2023. The study subjects were divided into two groups by numerical random method,with 30 cases in each group. The children with Xiao’er kang xian capsule added to the original treatment were the treatment group and the children without Xiao’er kang xian capsule added to the original treatment were the control group. The frequency, duration, EEG characteristics, adverse reactions and changes in serum NSE and CD19+ levels of the two groups were compared after treatment. Results Self-control before and after treatment in the treatment group: the frequency and duration of seizures were significantly reduced, with statistical difference (P<0.05). EEG discharge index in awake period and sleep period were significantly decreased, with statistical difference (P<0.05). After 6 months of treatment, comparison between the two groups of children: the seizure frequency of children in the treatment group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P=0.03). There was a statistical difference (P<0.05), and the seizure duration in the treatment group was less than that in the control group (P=0.863), the clinical effective rate of treatment group 83.33% was higher than that of control group 63.33% (P=0.08), the effective rate of EEG in treatment group 80% was higher than that of control group 60% (P=0.091), serum NSE and CD19+ in treatment group were lower than that of control group, with no statistical difference (P>0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the frequency and duration of seizures in the treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The clinical efficacy and effectiveness of treatment group were significantly higher than that of control group (P=0.038). The incidence of adverse reactions in both groups was 16.67% (P>0.05). The effective rate of EEG in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (P=0.053). Serum NSE and CD19+ in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). ConclusionFor children with refractory epilepsy, the addition of Xiao’er kang xian capsule on the basis of the original treatment has obvious effect low adverse reaction and high safety. NSE and CD19+ can be used as monitoring indicators for the influence of the disease and prognosis evaluation during the treatment of children with epilepsy.
Effective postoperative pain management in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty is an important part of the realization of enhanced recovery after surgery. Peripheral nerve block is of great significance to the control of postoperative pain, and clinicians are committed to finding a nerve block that has little impact on muscle strength and is conducive to the early recovery of motor function after total knee arthroplasty. Infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee block can selectively block the sensory branch of the posterior end of the knee joint without affecting the motor branch of the common peroneal nerve, so that the muscle strength can be minimally affected under the condition of adequate analgesia. This article reviews the proposal of infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee block, the approach and method of the block, and the advantages of combining with different nerve blocks for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.
ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture combined with oral glucosamine hydrochloride capsules in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and compare it with the curative effect of the two methods separately. MethodsA total of 168 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated from March 2006 to December 2012 were randomly divided into 3 groups. Electro-acupuncture combined with oral glucosamine hydrochloride capsules were given to the 58 patients in the treatment group, single acupuncture treatment was given to the 57 patients in control group A, and simple oral glucosamine hydrochloride capsules were given to the 53 patients in control group B. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. Assessment of knee osteoarthritis by Lequesne international standard index number and the total efficiency was carried out before treatment and 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment, respectively. ResultsThe total effective rate of the treatment group was 91.38%, of control group A was 68.42%, and of control group B was 79.25%. There was a significant difference between the treatment group and control group A, and between the treatment group and control group B (P<0.05). No blood, liver or kidney damage or gastrointestinal adverse reaction occurred among patients in all the three groups. ConclusionThe efficacy of electro-acupuncture plus oral glucosamine hydrochloride capsules is better than simple acupuncture and simple oral glucosamine hydrochloride capsules treatment.
Objective To investigate the impact of joint capsule repair and external rotators suture on the prognosis in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) by posterolateral approach. Methods Between January 2006 and June 2009, 159 patients with femoral neck fracture underwent primary THA by posterolateral approach, and were divided into 4 groups according to different treatments: joint capsule repair and external rotators suture were given in group A (n=38), only joint capsule repair in group B (n=39), only external rotators suture in group C (n=41), and no joint capsule repair or external rotators suture in group D (n=41). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injure, disease duration, type of fracture, combined medical disease, or prosthesis selection among 4 groups (P gt; 0.05). The bleeding volume, drainage, postoperative hip dislocation rate, hip Harris score, and the hip range of motion (ROM) in internal rotation and external rotation were compared. Results There was no significant difference in operative time, bleeding volume, or drainage among 4 groups (P gt; 0.05). Postoperative hip dislocation occurred in 0, 0, 4 (9.8%), and 4 (9.8%) cases of groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, showing significant difference in incidence of postoperative hip dislocation among 4 groups (χ2=7.910, P=0.048). The hip Harris scores were significantly improved after operation when compared with preoperative scores in 4 groups (P lt; 0.05). Significant differences were found in hip Harris score at 6 weeks and 6 months after operation among 4 groups (P lt; 0.05); group D was significantly lower than groups A, B, and C, and groups B and C were significantly lower than group A (P lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the hip ROM in internal rotation among 4 groups at 6 weeks and 6, 12 months after operation (P gt; 0.05); but the hip ROM in external rotation were significantly bigger in groups A and C than in groups B and D at 6 weeks and 6 months after operation (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Joint capsule repair and external rotators suture in primary THA by posterolateral approach do not increase the bleeding volume and drainage, but can reduce the early postoperative hip dislocation risk, increase the Harris score, and recover the external rotation function of involved hip. So joint capsule and external rotators should be repaired in THA by posterolateral approach.
Objective To evaluate the effects of intraocular lenses (IOL) of silicone and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) on posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Methods We searched MEDLINE (1966 to 2003), EMBASE (1980 to 2003), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 1, 2003) and CBMdisc (1979 to 2003). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included trial and extracted data. The following outcomes were assessed: PCO index, percentage of neodymium: YAG (Nd: YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy and visual acuity after cataract surgery. RevMan 4.2 was used for meta-analysis.Results Nine RCTs including 672 eyes were included. In patients with senile cataract, the results of meta-analysis suggested that silicone lens were better than PMMA lens on PCO index (the pooled SMD=－0.92, 95%CI －1.19 to －0.64) and percentage of Nd: YAG (the pooled OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.57) with a statistically significant difference, but there was no significant difference on visual acuity (the pooled OR 1.22, 95%CI 0.43 to 3.50) after cataract surgery between silicone lens and PMMA lens. However, in patients with uveitic cataract, the results of meta-analysis showed that PMMA lens were better than silicone lens in visual acuity (the pooled OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.91) after cataract surgery with a statistically significant difference, but there was no significant difference on PCO index (SMD 0.23, 95%CI －0.59 to 1.05) and percentage of Nd: YAG (the pooled OR 1.82, 95%CI 0.47 to 6.95) between silicone lens and PMMA lens. Conclusions Current evidence indicates that silicone lens are superior to PMMA lens in reducing PCO. Further trials with high quality on methodology are required.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatment with Fuzheng Huayu capsule for liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials (CCTR), CBMweb and CNKI up to March 2008. The references of retrieved literature were also hand searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared Fuzheng Huayu capsule with placebo or other drugs were collected. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. The Cochrane Collaboration’ s software RevMan 4.2.10 was used for data analyses. Results Seven RCTs involving 590 cases of liver fibrosis of CHB were included. As for their methodological quality, one was graded A, one was graded B and the others were graded C. We carried out subgroup analyses based on treatment course and intervention measures. In terms of reducing haluronic acid, Fuzheng Huayu capsule was more effective than Huoluo Shugan capsule when the treatment course was 3 months (WMD=–61.75, 95%CI –105.20 to –18.30); significant differences were also noted between Fuzheng Huayu capsule and placebo (WMD=–187.72, 95%CI –244.23 to –31.21) or Huoluo Shugan capsule (WMD=–120.03, 95%CI –158.41 to –81.65) when the treatment course was 6 months. In terms of reducing IV-C, Fuzheng Huayu capsule was more effective than Gantaile when the treatment course was 6 months (WMD=–72.32, 95%CI –84.30 to –60.34). As for improving liver fibrosis at stage S, significant differences were observed between Fuzheng Huayu capsule and Gantaile (RR=2.33, 95%CI 1.37 to 3.96) or Huoluo Shugan capsule (RR=1.30, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.65). Except a very small number of gastrointestinal reactions, no significant adverse reactions were reported. Conclusion Fuzheng Huayu capsule is effective in reducing haluronic acid and improving liver fibrosis at stage S, especially when the treatment course is prolonged from 3 months to 6 months. No significant adverse reactions are reported. Because most of the included trials are of poor quality and small sample size, more high-quality RCTs are needed.
Objective To evaluate the safety of Rongbisu capsule used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods A total of 218 patients (average age 63.73±7.50 years old) with phase Ⅰor Ⅱ benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with oral Rongbisu capsule at a dose of 3 granules twice daily. The therapeutic course was 6 weeks and hepatic function was determined every 2 weeks. Results The median value of ALT in 218 patients rose significantly after the patients took Rongbishu capsule for 6 weeks (P=0.001 7). There were 17 patients whose ALT level rose from normal to abnormal, the incidence was 7.80%. There were 3 patients whose hepatic function was seriously impaired (ALT＞200 IU/L). Conclusions The essential component of Rongbishu capsule is edible tulip which has been recorded in the medical literature as being toxic. Airpotato yam of which the alias is also edible tulip is easily mistaken for edible tulip. Airpotato yam is the tuber of dioscorea bulbifera L. (family dioscoreaceae) which has confirmed hepatotoxcity. Our study result indicates that in order to insure the safety of Chinese crude drug, the origin of Chinese crude drug should be defined in the formulation according to the standard of Chinese drugs preparation. Pharmaceutical enterprises should strictly abide by the standards to identify the origin of Chinese crude drugs when approving the raw materials, especially for species which are poisonous and easily mistaken.