Purpose To investigate apoptosis in vitrectomy specimens of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Methods Vitrectomy specimens from 60 cases of different classes of proliferative vitreore tinopathy were studied by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL)method. Results The characteristic change of apoptosis was observed in all vitrectomy specimens.The amount of apoptotic non-pigmentary cell is gradually decreasing along with the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy,and apoptotic pigmentary cells are observed. Conclusion There are different kinds of apoptosis cell in vitrectomy specimens of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.It is suggested that apoptosis might be one of the important mechanisms of regulating the degree in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:81-83)
Objective To analyze the outcome of patients with Blunt Abdominal Injury (BAI) in the Deyang People’s Hospital after the Wenchuan Earthquake, in order to provide evidence for future improvement in emergency response after earthquakes and in the treatment of BAI patients. Methods Data on the BAI patients within 1 week after the earthquake were collected from the Information Department of the Hospital. Microsoft EXCEL was used for data input. Results A total of 23 BAI inpatients were treated, of whom 15 were from Mianzhu City and sent to hospital within 12 hours of the earthquake. This was 1.9% of the total inpatients. The BAI inpatients suffered severe and complex injuries, and 5 of them died (mortality rate: 22%). Linenectomy was conducted for patients with spleen injuries and two inpatients developed incision infection due to lack of antibiotics during the perioperative period. Conclusions It is important to establish an emergency response mechanism for medical rescue for patients with the viscera injury, including BAI, after an earthquake. This would help to guarantee rational allocation of the rescue workers, triage of the wounded, optimization of operation, as well as a reduction in mortality from BAI.
Objective To observe whether apoptosis was involved in cells of aspiration fluid from vitrectomy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),and whether there was an association with expression of Fas antigen(Fas )and Fas ligand (FasL). Methods Cytocentrifuge slides of 11 fresh vitreous specimenｓ of PVR were prepared to be stained by TUNEL met hod for detection of apoptosis and by immunohistochemical technique for detection of Fas,FasL，and cytokeratin (CK),a cell-type specific antigen. Results Fas and FasL were expressed in normal human retina.Fas,FasL,CK，and apoptosis were found in all preparations.TUNEL-positive cells were 20.53% in total cells.70.35%,51.58%，and 82.97% of cells highly expressed Fas,FasL，and CK,respectively.The linear correlation coefficient of Fas and apoptosis was 0.99(Plt;0．001). Conclusion Vitrectomy specimens of PVR showed expression of Fas，FasL，and apoptosis.Prominent Fas and FasL expressions may be associated with apoptosis of proliferating retinal pigment epithelial cells in the vitreous of PVR. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:78-80)
Objective To observe the effect of exogenous basic fibrob last growth factor (bFGF) on apoptosis of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to visible light,and determine the role of bFGF, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1),bcl-2 and caspase-3. Methods 2000±500) lx cold white light was used. Exogenous bFGF was utilized during culture. Annexin annexin V-fluoresce in isothiocyanate/propidium iodium (V-FITC/PI) labeling,flow cytometry, Immunocytochemical staining, enzyme associated absorb examing and reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to determine the apoptosis, the expression levels of bFGF, FGFR1, bcl-2, as well as the activity of caspase-3. Results No protective effect of bFGF was observed under the concentration 5 ng/ml.A significant inhibition of apoptosis was found in 10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml groups （P＜0.05）. The upregulation of bcl-2 was observed in bFGF (10 ng/ml, 20 ng/ml) protreated groups（P＜0.01）.Compared to no light exposure group,all light exposure groups (including bFGF pro-treated) had higher endogenous bFGF and FGFR1 levels （P ＜0.05）, and the increase was concentration dependent.The bFGF and FGFR1 levels were higher in exogenous bFGF applied (gt;5 ng/ml) groups than light exposure groups（P＜0.05）. The caspase-3 activity was significantly inhibited in bFGF (10 ng/ml) pro-treated groups. Conclusions Human RPE cells exposed to visible light were rescued by application of exogenous bFGF in vitro.The probable protective mechanism of bFGF partly is directly binding to FGFR1 or potentiating endogenous bFGF autocrine loop,to upregulate bcl-2 and to inhibit caspase-3 activation. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：24-28)
Objective We aimed to investigate the attitude and suggestion from doctors, pharmacists and civil servants concerning brain death and organ transplantation and the legislation. Methods A questionnaire with 10 sections and 44 questions was designed and distributed. The effective questionnaire data was then recorded and checked for descriptive analysis. Results In 1 400 questionnaires distributed, 1 063 were responded and 969 of them were valid and analyzed. The respondents showed an incomplete understanding of brain death and organ transplantation laws. Seventy-four percent of the respondents recognized and accepted the standard of brain death. They agreed that legislation should be involved in the removal of organs for transplantation, the future use of the organs, and insurance and compensation for the donor for possible health risks induced by organ removal. Of the 969 respondents, 92% considered it necessary to have legislation in brain death and organ transplantation, and 61% thought that it is time to legislate. Conclusion Legislation for brain death and organ transplantation is urgent and timely in China. The laws must include the respective rights and obligations of patients, close relatives, and medical institutions. Educating the public about brain death and organ transplantation should also be encouraged in a variety of ways.
Objective To summarize the research progress of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors before liver transplantation of liver cancer. Method The literatures on the application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors before liver transplantation of liver cancer were collected and reviewed. Results PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors preoperatively treated liver transplantation recipients had a low incidence of postoperative rejection, and routine usage of hormone and immune tolerance induction therapy in liver transplantation recipients might reduce the incidence of rejection caused by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Conclusion Preoperative usage of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have more benefits than risks for patients with advanced liver cancer.
Objective To analysis correlation factors for preoperative sudden death of patients with type A aortic dissection in order to determine clinical management strategy.?Methods?We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 52 patients with type A aortic dissection who were admitted in Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 2003 to January 2010. According to the presence of preoperative death, all the patients were divided into two groups, 9 patients in the preoperative sudden death （PSD）group including 7 males and 2 females with their mean age of 52.0±12.1 years；43 patients in the control group including 31 males and 12 females with their mean age of 51.5±10.9 years. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for analysis of preoperative factors related to sudden death.?Results?Univariate analysis result showed 7 candidate variables：body mass index （BMI, Wald χ2=2.150, P=0.143）, time of onset （Wald χ2=2.711, P= 0.100）, total cholesterol （TC, Wald χ2=1.444, P=0.230）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （L-C, Wald χ2=1.341, P=0.247）, aortic insufficiency （AI, Wald χ2=2.093, P=0.148）, aortic sinus involvement （Wald χ2=3.386, P=0.066）and false lumen thrombosis （Wald χ2=7.743, P=0.005）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI （Wald χ2=4.215, P=0.040, OR=1.558）and aortic sinus involvement （Wald χ2=4.592, P=0.032, OR=171.166 ）were preoperative risk factors for sudden death, and thrombosed false lumen （Wald χ2=5.097, P=0.024, OR=0.011）was preoperative protective factor for sudden death.?Conclusion?Type A aortic dissection patients with large BMI and/or aortic sinus involvement should receive operation more urgently than others and patients with thrombosed false lumen may have relatively low risk of preoperative sudden death.
Objective To investigate the influnce of L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester(L-NAME) to purified retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) apoptosis of rats cultured in different consistencies of L-Arg and L-NAME. Method RGCs from Sprague Dawley (SD) neonatal rats(postnatal 1~5 day) were cultured in assimilative culture solution in vitro and RGCs were purified by Thy1.1 with sheep anti rat FITC monoclonal antibody. RGCs were cultured in different consistencies of L-Arg and L-NAME: 1×10-6, 1×10-5,1×10-4, 1×10-3, 1×10-2 and 1×10-1 mol/L for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. The changes of bcl-2, bax and p53 mRNA in RGCs in different consistencies of L-Arg and L-NAME were demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively by in situ hybridization, and their apoptosis were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) method, respectively. Results After 24 hours in vitro, the purification rate of RGCs in the experiment arrived at 97 %. After 48 hours, there were a few apoptotic cells expression in the control group. Apoptotic cells expression in L-Arg≥1×10-3 mol/L and L-NAME≥1×10-1 mol/L groups increased that had a significant difference with the control group (Plt;0.05). In the group of L-Arg≥1×10-3 mol/L and L-NAME≥1×10-1 mol/L, the expression of bcl-2 mRNA in RGCs became weaker and weaker as the consistencies were increased, but the expression of bax and p53 mRNA in RGCs became higher and higher and had a significant difference with control group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Lower concentration of L-Arg can promote the growth of purified RGCs in vitro and higher concentration of L-Arg can promote the apoptosis of RGCs. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 137-139)
ObjectiveTo explore the expression of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) on peripheral blood monocytes in septic mice, and analyze the difference between the mild and severe septic mice. MethodsFirstly, thirty C57 mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a mild sepsis group and a severe sepsis group. Sepsis model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The severity of sepsis was distinguished by length of cecum ligated. Survival rate was recorded after CLP and compared between three groups. Then sixty C57 mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a mild sepsis group and a severe sepsis group. Peripheral blood was obtained at 6 h and 24 h to detect PD-L1 expression on monocytes in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsThe survival rate in the mild sepsis group was higher than that in the severe sepsis group. TNF-αand IL-10 levels in the mild and severe sepsis groups were higher than those in the sham group at 6 h and 24 h (P < 0.01). PD-L1 expression on monocytes in the mild and severe sepsis groups was higher than that in the sham group at 6 h and 24 h (P < 0.05). The expression of PD-L1 in the severe sepsis group was higher than that in the mild sepsis group, however, there was no statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionsPD-L1 expression on monocytes is increased in septic mice. PD-L1 expression tended to increase in severe sepsis compared with the mild sepsis.
Purpose To study the proteins expression of genes related to apoptosis of retinal cells in development of human fetus． Methods Fifty cases of retinas of human fetus aged from 12 to 38 we eks were collected and paraffin embedded sections were made． Immunohistochemical method was used． Results Fas protein was expressed by cells of ganglion cell layer, inner and outer nuclear later, which were just formed on 16th week． It was not expressed until 38th week, Fas(+) staining appeared in layers of retina． Fas-L(+) staining was detected in cells of layers of retina on 26th week and the positive staining located in ganglion cell layer on 32th week． Neuronal fiber layer was Fas-L positive． Bax positive staini ng was detected on 8th week． Bax positive nucleus were observed mainly in GCL and ONL on 16th week． It was in INL on 24th week and in Muuml;ller cells inner terminates on 26th week． After this time, all cells of retina were bax immune ne gative staining． Bcl-2(+) staining appeared in differentiating neuroblastic layer on 16th week． Beginning on 24th week, bcl-2 (+) staining was observed in glial cells of GCL and inner terminates of Muuml;ller cell． Conclusion Apoptosis of developing retinal cell may be Fas/Fas-L independent and bax may be involved in apoptosis of the cells． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:55-57)