Objectives To investigate the participation of magazines or journals' editors in the clinical practice guidelines in China. Methods WanFang Data, VIP, CNKI, CBM databases, as well as Baidu, Google and www.medlive.cn were searched online to collect incorporated guidelines in which magazines or journal editors participated in. Data was then analyzed. Results In total, 68 guidelines were selected, with 51 (75.00%) led by magazines and 17 (25.00%) edited by editors. 55 guidelines (80.88%) were the same in published and participated journals. Circulatory diseases (27.94%), diagnosis and treatment (54.41%) were the most concerned. 15 guidelines (22.06%) were updated. 17 guidelines reported the roles of the editors who were mostly expert group members (13.24%). 7 guidelines, 3 of which affirmed no relevant conflicts of interest, reported the sponsorship. The quality was higher than the domestic average while lower than the international guidelines. Conclusions The number of clinical practice guidelines magazines or editors participating in China is relatively small, while the quality was higher. The primary form of the participation is journal-led, however, the process, methods, roles, and conflicts of interest in the guidelines require further definition.
As the implementation of the high-quality development policy of public hospitals is faced with the problems of diversified environment and the coordination of execution of complex actors, the network structure has changed from the closed resistance type to the open competition type. At present, China’s high-quality development policy of public hospitals needs to improve the policy system and refine the top-level design; strengthen the executive power of network entities and innovate the joint governance mechanism; optimize the structure of policy tools to improve the resilience and flexibility of the network; implement the performance evaluation mechanism and strengthen supervision. This article is based on policy network theory and provides an in-depth analysis of the current high-quality development policy texts for public hospitals in China, with the aim of providing suggestions for policy development
ObjectiveTo measure and analyze the radiographic characteristics of the leg length discrepancy in adult patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).MethodsThe clinical data of 112 patients with unilateral DDH who met the selection criteria between January 2016 and June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 96 females with an age of 20-76 years (mean, 42.9 years). According to the Crowe classification, there were 25 hips of type Ⅰ, 26 hips of type Ⅱ, 15 hips of type Ⅲ, and 46 hips of type Ⅳ (26 hips of type ⅣA without secondary acetabular formation, and 20 hips of type ⅣB with secondary acetabular formation). Full-length X-ray films of the lower limbs in the standing position were used to measure the following parameters: greater trochanter leg length (GTLL), greater trochanter femoral length (GTFL), lesser trochanter leg length (LTLL), lesser trochanter femoral length (LTFL), tibial length (TL), and intertrochanteric distance (ITD). The above parameters on the healthy and affected sides were compared and the difference of each parameter between the healthy and affected sides was calculated. Taking the difference of 5 mm between the healthy side and the affected side as the threshold value, the number of cases with the healthy side was greater than 5 mm and the affected side was greater than 5 mm were counted respectively. The difference of the imaging parameters between the healthy side and the affected side were compared between different Crowe types and between type ⅣA and type ⅣB.ResultsThere was no significant difference in GTLL and LTFL between healthy and affected sides (P>0.05); LTLL and TL of affected side were longer than healthy side, GTFL and ITD were shorter than healthy side, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). The constituent ratio of long cases on the affected side of TL and LTLL was greater than the constituent ratio of long cases on the healthy side, while the constituent ratio of long cases on the healthy side of GTFL and ITD was greater than the constituent ratio of long cases on the affected side; there was no obvious difference in the constituent ratio of long cases on the healthy side or the affected side of GTLL and LTFL. The comparison between different Crowe types showed that only the difference in TL between type Ⅰ and type Ⅳ was significant (P<0.05), the difference of each imaging parameter among the other types showing no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with type ⅣB, the differences of GTLL, TL, and ITD of type ⅣA were bigger, and the differences were significant (P<0.05); the differences of other parameters between type ⅣA and type ⅣB were not significant (P>0.05).ConclusionIn adult unilateral DDH patients, the leg length on the healthy side and the affected side is different, and the difference mainly comes from the TL and ITD, which should be paid attention to in preoperative planning.
The prevalence of developmental delay (DD) in children worldwide is still on the rise, and its causes are complex and diverse, causing varying degrees of impact on the development of the sensory nervous system in the brain of children. Sensory integration training is a treatment method that applies sensory stimulation and comprehensive activities. It is currently widely used in children with DD. This therapy can effectively improve the development and integration of the sensory system in children with DD. It also enhances the individual’s ability to adapt to external stimuli, promoting their development in language, motor, and cognitive functions. This article explores the relevant mechanisms of sensory integration training and DD, as well as the current status and effects of its application in DD children, in order to promote the development and progress of related research fields.
PURPOSES:To investigate the time of neuronie apoptosis in the retinas of Imman fetuses,and its relations with neuronie proliferation and differentiation, METHODS:The retinas of 27 human fetuses from 8th to 38th week of R,~til- ization age and 3 adults were studied by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL) method. RESULTS:Tbe nuctei of labeled apoptotic cells were charaeterised by nuclear marginization,ehromatln condensation and cleseent shape,and some apoptotie bodies were visible in the specimens. The apoptosis of neuroepithelium of fetal rclina took place during 8th to 18th week, Apoptosis of ganglion cells were observed from 1256 to 18th week. The apoptos[s of pholorec, plors were formd from 14th to 2Ist week ,while thai of bipolar neurones and M~ller cells were found from ldth to 28th week. No apoptosb of ocstones were observed in the retinas after 28th week of fertilization age and within the retinas of adults. CONCLUSION:The proliferating cells of neuroepithelium and Ihe neurones which just differetiated from fetal retina might partly undergo apoptosis. The time of apoptosls of differentiated neurones was consistent with the time of the synapses formation between neurones and their targel cells. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13:67 -69 ）
Objective To observe the dynamic expression of nestin and glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) in the development of retina in rats.Methods In 48 Wistar rats, 24 were divided into 8 groups with 3 rats in each according to their age (1 day, 1 week, and 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, and 20 weeks old). The sagittal freezing sections of the eye were made; nestin/glutamine synthetase (GS) and GFAP/GS were stained by immunofluorescence and were observed under the confocal microscope. Total RNA was extracted from 18 rats which were divided into 6 groups according to the age (1 day, 1 week, and 2, 3, 4, and 12 weeks old) with 3 rats in each. The expression of nestin, GAFA and GS mRNA were detected by realtime quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Müller cells were cultured from postnatal day 7-12 rats; the expression of nestin and GFAP was detected by immunostaining study. Double immunofluorescence was carried out between nestin/GS and GFAP/GS.Results One day after the birth, nestin positive cells were found in the whole retinal neuroblast layers with elongated retinal progenitor cells; the GFAP positive astrocytes were observed in the inner retina. One week after the birth, Müller glial cells expressed GS and nestin but not GFAP; GFAP positive cells localized in the inner retina.Two to 12 weeks after the birth, the expression of nestin in Müller cells decreased and even disappeared; the expression of GFAP in astrocytes didn't change much. The Müller cells expressed nestin but no GFAP in vitro. The expression of nestin and GFAP mRNA in retina was accordant with the results of immunofluorescence staining.Conclusion In the developing retina, the expression of nestin in Müller cells decreases gradually, and no expression of nestin can be found in adult rats; the expression of GFAP can't be observed in Müller cells in neonatal and adult rats.
Virtual clinical trials are clinical trials conducted through computer simulation technology, which breaks through the limitations of traditional clinical trials and has the advantages of saving time, reducing costs, and reducing the risk of human trials. With the application of new computer technologies such as population pharmacokinetics, physiologically-based pharmacokinetics, quantitative systems pharmacology, and artificial intelligence, the field of virtual clinical trials in healthcare has become an important development direction. This article will give a preliminary review of the connotation, methods and future development trends of virtual clinical trials, aiming to provide reference for the application of new technologies and methods in clinical trials.
Objective To review the latest research progress on keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), to thoroughlyunderstand its basic characteristics and appl ication methods and to lay a sol id foundation for the research and development of new KGF medicines and improving the qual ity of skin substitutes. Methods Domestical and international l iteratures on KGFin recent years were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results KGF was secreted by mesenchymal cells and its receptors were distributed in epithel ium to promote the prol iferation, migration and differentiation of epithel ial cell specifically, which closely related to the organ development, wound heal ing, tumorigenesis and immune reconstruction. Conclusion KGF can be used to improve wound heal ing and the performance of skin substitutes. However, the structure of KGF needs to be changed to el iminate its side effects and purify its promoting effect on epithel ial cell growth.
ObjectiveTo determine the retinal thickness of normal children 3-6 years old and its relationship with the age and gender. MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 480 eyes of 240 normal preschool children including 115 male and 125 female, ages 3 to 6 years in the urban of Beijing, China were included. The average age was (4.93±0.77) years old. The visual acuity, slit-lamp microscopy and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT, Optvue, Inc. USA) were examined. The retinal thickness of the macular fovea and 500, 750, 1500 μm from temporal and nasal side around the fovea were measured. 32 eyes were excluded from the study because they couldn't cooperate. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between age and macular retinal thickness. Independent samples group t-test was used to compare the differences between boys and girls. ResultsThe mean thickness of macular fovea was (169.10±20.587) μm. The mean macular thickness of boys was significantly higher than girls (t=-4.549, -6.167, -5.492, -5.163, -6.749, -7.494, -6.874; P≤0.001). The mean thickness of 500 μm and 750 μm from nasal side of macular fovea were significantly higher than temporal side (t=5.594, 15.778, 7.678, 18.180; P < 0.001). There was no significant relevance between macular thickness and age. ConclusionsThe mean macular thickness of boys is significantly higher than girls in normal children in the urban of Beijing. There is no significant relevance between macular thickness and age.