In this study, silicone hand was disinfected by homemade touchable non-thermal plasma to simulate and evaluate its feasibility of application on human hand. Experimental results showed that there was no significant difference whenEscherichia coli (E. coli),Staphylococcus aureus (S. au),Staphylococcus albus (S. al), andPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. ae) were loaded on the silicone hand surface and treated with plasma. The efficiency of plasma disinfection was higher when the treatment time was prolonged or initial bacterial density was lower. When initial bacterial number was 1.0×106–1.0×107 CFU, the plasma disinfection process mainly occured in the first 5 s and more than 99% of bacteria could be disinfected. This study can provide guidelines for the development of a new plasma device for human hand disinfection.
Objective To compare germicidal effect of three disinfectants acting on frequently-touched surfaces in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at different time points after disinfection so as to put forward the reasonable disinfection method and interval before the next disinfection. Methods We wiped the four frequently-touched surfaces in ICU with disinfectant containing acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) from the building system of hospital, disinfectant wipes, and 500 mg/L chlorine respectively. The culture samples were collected from the surfaces before wiping, and 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after wiping respectively. The bacterial clearance rate and the qualified rate of bacterial colony counts on the surfaces were compared among the three different disinfectants at different time points after disinfection. Results The bacterial killing rate of three methods for disinfection of object surfaces decreased with the passing of time. The bacterial killing rate of EOW from the building system of hospital was lower than that of the other two methods at all five time points after disinfection (P< 0.05). The bacterial killing rate at hour four after disinfection using chlorine-containing disinfectant and disinfectant wipes was higher than 90.0%. The qualified rate of bacterial colony counts on the surfaces at 10 and 30 minutes after disinfection among the three groups was not significantly different (P>0.05). The qualified rate of bacterial colony counts on the surfaces disinfected by EOW from the building system of hospital was lower than that in the other two groups at the other three time points (P<0.05), and it was totally unqualified at hour four after disinfection. Conclusions The germicidal effect of EOW from the building system of hospital is inferior to chlorine disinfectant and disinfectant wipes. Moreover, the surface can be easily recontaminated after disinfection. It is suggested that EOW should be used in ICU every other hour. and the other two disinfection methods should be used every two hours.
ObjectiveTo investigate on preoperative hand-washing for analyzing the underlying problems, in purpose of preventing operation-related infection via strengthening the standardization of surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection. MethodsFrom July to September 2014, surveillance video of pre-operative hand-washing was studied and analyzed. We randomly selected 100 subjects, and assessment was performed based on the self-made surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection protocol. Grading was done strictly. The passing score was 60 or higher; a score of 70-79 meant good; and a score of 80-100 indicated excellence. ResultsIn the survey, 91 in the 100 subjects were qualified. Among the qualified subjects, there were 53% of excellence and 20% of good. The major problems included erroneous methods, step omissions, time lacking, pollution, wrong flushing method or dry-hand method, and insufficient washing time. ConclusionBased on the survey, the administration department is advised to strengthen the regulatory supervision and education training based on standard surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection criteria, especially training interns and new staff, in purpose of reducing the incidence of operation-related infection and improving hospitalization management qualities.
With the development of medical diagnosis and treatment technology, ultrasound examination has been widely used in clinical practice, but it also faces certain safety hazards. If the ultrasound probe is not effectively disinfected after use, it may be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria transmitted from blood, mucous membranes, genital or rectal secretions, thus becoming a carrier for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria among patients. In addition, the frequent use of ultrasound probe and coupling agent is also an important factor affecting the occurrence of hospital infections. Multiple studies at home and abroad have shown that incomplete cleaning and disinfection of medical ultrasound probe can lead to hospital infection incidents, thereby affecting patient safety and medical quality. Exploring effective disinfection methods and disinfection effects of ultrasound probe is of great significance for hospital infection prevention and control. Therefore, this article provides a review of research related to disinfection of medical ultrasound probe.
Objective To provide the evidence for anti-epidemic command and developing response plan through investigation on prophlactical disinfection in Deyang, the worst-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods We used convenient sampling together with the report forms and the self-made questionnaire to collect information from 107 villages and 17 settlement spots for the disaster victims in 25 towns in Deyang disaster area. Results There were a total of 6 kinds of disinfectant, including the chlorine disinfectant, 2 kinds of peroxide disinfectant and 2 other types of disinfectant, which were delivered the Deyang disaster area through the National amp; Province CDC system allocation or the None-Goverment Organization donation. From May 17 to June 9, the large-scale preventive disinfection was carried out in the disaster area, covering tap water, the restroom and the latrine pit, trash, environment and sewage. All personnel who conducted the disinfection for prevention and public health in the villages and towns received the technical training for disinfection. Conclusion Various disinfectant types and difference specifications cause trouble in the training of manpower and the use of disinfectant. Preventive disinfection in the most serious disaster areas is better than in serious disaster areas. The main channel of obtaining the disinfectant is through the National amp; Province CDC. The daily-report system of the disinfected areas may monitor the progress of disinfectant use. The suitable disinfection may prevent the public health secondary disaster and protect the environment effectively.
Objective To evaluate the disinfection efficacy of alcohol-based hand disinfectants for medical glove surface in continuous operation, and explore approaches of improving hand hygiene compliance. Methods Between March and July 2015, and between March and July 2016, all the nurses (n=5) in Blood Collection Room of Outpatient Department with many patients and frequent sterile operation needed were included in this study. Nurses wearing gloves for hand hygiene and disinfection between March and July 2016 were regarded as the observation group, and those who used alcohol-based disinfectants for routine hand hygiene without gloves between March and July 2015 were designated into the control group. The hand hygiene compliance was compared between the two groups. From March to July 2016, alcohol-based hand disinfectants were used for disinfection on the glove surface during continuous blood sampling by nurses with gloves on their hands. Fifty samples were collected respectively after the gloves were used for 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 continuous times for blood sampling. Then, the samples were sent to the bacteriology room for culture. Results All of the 250 samples were qualified, and the bacterial colonies on the surface of gloves were equal to 10 cfu/mL2 or lower. NoStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichiacoli or other pathogens were detected on the glove surface. However, after the gloves were continuously used for 15 times, the gloves of two nurses could not meet the research criteria again because of significant sweating. Conclusions In the process of continuous blood sampling, it is effective to use alcohol-based hand disinfectants to disinfect the surface of medical gloves, which can promote hand hygiene compliance to a certain extent. However, there is a certain limit on the times of usage for medical gloves.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) in disinfecting multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).MethodsWe searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database for before-after studies or case-control studies or cohort studies evaluating efficiency of HPV and published from January 2010 to December 2020 (the time range was from January 2000 to December 2020 in the snowball searching). RevMan 5.4 and R 4.0.2 softwares were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 9 studies were included, consisting of 8 before-after studies and 1 cohort study. Six studies evaluated positive rate of environmental samplings, meta-analysis revealed that HPV combined with manual cleaning disinfected the environment efficiently [relative risk (RR)=0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.01, 0.08), P< 0.000 01] and HPV was more efficient than manual cleaning [RR=0.04, 95%CI (0.02, 0.10), P< 0.000 01]. Three studies evaluated the hospital-acquired MDROs colonization/infection rates, and the results of the 3 studies were consistent, revealing that HPV could reduce hospital-acquired MDROs colonization/infection rates.ConclusionHPV is efficient in reducing MDROs contaminated surfaces and hospital-acquired infection rate.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of PDCA cycle model on the standardization of the application of common disinfectants, in order to promote the management level of hospital disinfection. MethodsBy questionnaire and observation, the study was to learn the knowledge and its application in medical workers on common disinfectants. Based on the results, we tried to regulate effective preventive measures and carry out continuous improvements. ResultAfter the implementation of PDCA cycle model, the awareness rate of the medical staff on disinfection and the application accuracy of disinfectants were significantly increased (P<0.05). ConclusionThe implementation of PDCA cycle model can improve nosocomial infection management level effectively, ensure medical quality management and patients' safety, which is an effective way of management to reduce the rate of nosocomial infection.
Objective To study the disinfection effect of hand disinfectants containing alcohol after heating, and the comfortable feeling of using warm disinfectants among the medical staff in operation rooms. Methods Between November 2016 and January 2017, we analyzed the disinfection effect of two alcohol-containing hand disinfectants after heating in operation rooms through on-the-spot disinfection and inspection. Questionnaire was used to investigate the comfortable feeling of using warm hand disinfectants. Results After standing for 7 days at a temperature of 37℃, the major content of the two disinfectants decreased by less than 10%. Three minutes of disinfection by using the two kinds of disinfectants had an average natural-bacteria killing logarithm higher than 1.00, and they both had a qualified disinfection effect. Moreover, 96.7% of the medical personnel believed that warm disinfection products were more comfortable. Conclusion After heating, the two kinds of alcohol-containing hand disinfectants are effective in hand disinfection and more comfortable to use, which can improve hand hygiene compliance in surgical staff.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is one of the main methods for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract and pancreatic diseases. Compared with other digestive endoscopes, duodenoscopy has a special structure. Since the outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by the transmission of multidrug-resistant organism through duodenoscopy in 2010, the reprocessing and design of digestive endoscopes represented by duodenoscopy have faced new challenges. This article reviews the international advances in duodenoscopy reprocessing in the past 10 years including the structural characteristics of duodenoscope, related infection outbreak cases, outbreak control measures, and the use of disposable duodenoscopy, so as to provide guidance and reference for the duodenoscopy reprocessing and related nosocomial infections prevention and control work in China.