OBJECTIVE :To investigale effect of subretinal fluld(SRF)on proliferalion of the cellular elements of PVR. METHOD:The effect of SRF of 28 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment proliferation of the cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells(RPE),retinal glial cells (RG),and fibroblast (FB)was observed and detected by the methods of cell-counting and 3H-TdR in DNA synthesis. RESULTS:The range of proliferatinn-stimulating activity was 52.5%~233.3%, 36.4% ~ 177.8%，55.4% ~277.8% above the baseline in 1:10 dilution of these 3 kinds ,of cellular elements,and there was no significant difference among them. CONCLUSION ;The stimulating effect of SRF on the cellular proliferation was thougt to be due to the actions from certain growth factors. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 233-235）
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new group of endogenous non-coding RNAs produced by back-splicing, which has multiple molecular functions such as acting as microRNA sponges, regulators of transcription and splicing, adaptors for protein-protein interaction. Recent studies have shown that circRNA play an essential role in development and progression of retinal microvascular dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, eye diseases caused by hyperhomocysteine and ocular malignancy. In pathological conditions, the differential expression of circRNA alters the transcription and translation of corresponding genes, thus changing the activity and function of cells. CircRNA may become a new marker and prognostic indicator of fundus diseases, and its targeted intervention may also become a potential treatment for fundus diseases.
Retinal degeneration mainly include age-related macular degeneration, retinitispigmentosa and Stargardt’s disease. Although its expression is slightly different, its pathogenesis is photoreceptor cells and/or retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cel1 damage or degeneration. Because of the 1ack of self-repairing and renewal of retinal photoreceptor cells and RPE cells, cell replacement therapy is one of the most effective methods for treating such diseases.The stem cells currently used for the treatment of retinal degeneration include embryonicstem cells (ESC) and various adult stem cells, such as retinal stem cells (RSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). and mesenchyma1 stem cells (MSC). Understanding the currentbasic and clinical application progress of ESC, iPSC, RSC, MSC can provide a new idea for the treatment of retinal degeneration.
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disease with high geneticheterogeneity, including autosomal dominant inheritance, autosomal recessive inheritance, snd X-linked recessive inheritance. So far, six genes have been found to be associated with FEVR: Wnt receptor fizzled protein (FZD4), Norrie disease (NDP), co-receptor low-densitylipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), and tetrasin 12 (TSPANI2), zinc finger protein408 (ZNF408), kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) gene. Among them, FZD4, NDP, LRPS, TSPANI2 and other four genes play an important role in the Norrin/Frizzled 4 signaling pathway. In retinal capillary endothelial cells, Norrin specifically controls the occurrence of ocular capillaries by activating the Norrin/Frizzled 4 signaling pathway. ZNF408 and KIF11 are newly discovered pathogenic genes related to FEVR in the past 5 years. ZNF408 encodes the transcription factor that plays an important role in retinal angiogenesis. KIF11 plays a role in eye development and maintenance of retinal morphology and function.
With the renovations of modern retinal imaging modality, such as video ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiograph and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, it is possible to get high resolution and reproducible in vivo imaging of retina from neonates to improve the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric retinal disease. Now we have a better tool to investigate the early development of human retina, the pathogenesis and progression of pediatric retinal diseases, and to monitor the treatment efficacy and prognosis of these diseases. To expand these technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric retinal disease, we need simple, safe, comprehensive and objective applications which can only be achieved through multi-disciplinary cooperation.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new and non-invasive imaging technique that is able to detect blood flow signal in the retina and the choroid within seconds. OCTA is different from the traditional angiography methods. The major advantages of OCTA are that it can observe blood flow signal in different layers of the retina and the choroid without injecting any dye, provide blood flow information that traditional angiography cannot provide, and enrich pathophysiological knowledge of the retinal and choroidal vascular diseases., which help us to make an accurate diagnosis and efficient evaluation of these diseases. However there is a large upgrade potential either on OCTA technique itself or on clinical application of OCTA. We need to fully understand the advantage and disadvantage, and differences of OCTA and traditional angiography. We also need to know how to interpret the result of OCTA. With that we could make a fast diagnosis in a non-invasive way and improve our knowledge of the retinal and choroidal vascular diseases.
Purpose To estabalish a quantifying model of retinal neovascularization suitable for the study of pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention for the retinal neovascularization． Methods Sixteen one-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days and then to room air and 16 mice of the same age kept in room air as controls.Ink-perfused retinal flatmount was examined to assess the oxygen-induced changes of retinal vessels.The proliferated neovascular response was quantitated by counting the nuclei of endothelial cells of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in 6 mu;m sagittal cross sections． VEGF and bFGF were determined on the cross-sections after immunohistochemcal stain. Results Constriction and closure of the blood vessels were found under the hyperoxia condition,and dilation and proliferation were found under the relatively hypoxia status.There was a mean of 24 neovascular nuclei per cross-section in the oxygen-treated retina and less than 1 nucleus in the control group (P＜0.001).VEGF stain was found ber in the inner retinal layer of oxygen-treated mouse than in that of the controls. Conclusion The quantifying model of retinal neovascularization may fascilitate the further researches of medical intervention and pathogenesis of retinal neovacularization. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：213-284)
PURPOSE:To inquire into diagnosis and differentiation method for full thickness macular hole,lamellar macular hole and cystoid macular degeneration. METHODS:Amsler grid,Watzke' s sign and laser aiming beam test were performed in the patients:30 with full-thickness macular hole, 12 with lamellar macular hole and 8 with cystoid macular degeneration. The results were analyzed statistically with method of four table precise probability. RESULTS:The positive rate of Amsler grid,watzke's sign and laser aiming beam test was 100% in ail of the full thickness macular holes,and it was 85%，65%and 0 in lamellar macular holes and cystoid macular degeneration respectively. CONCLUSION: Amsler grid testing was sensitive but not specific,Watzke's sign was more sensitive and specific,and the laser aiming beam tesl was extremely sensitive and specific in clinical diagnosis of full thickness macular hole. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 208-210）
Objective To observe the image characteristics of autofluorescence (AF) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods A total of 85 eyes of 72 patients with CSC were examined by Headberg HRA2 laser scanning fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), redfree light photography, and Kowa fundus colorizedphotography. The grey AF images were obtained with 488 nmwave-length laser and comparatively analyzed with results of fundus colorized photography, redfree light photography and FFA. Results In 85 eyes, single faint AF of the CSC focus was in 14 (16.5%); faint AF pool containing b lamellar focus was in 39 (45.9%); faint AF pool combining with mottling focus was in 25 (29.4%); local dense or scattered mottling AF at the posterior pole was in 7 (8.2%). FFA fluorescein leakage point or abnormal fluorescence were in accordance with abnormal AF in 60 eyes (70.6%); the changes of ocular fundus, results of FFA, and changes of AF were not accordance in 25 eyes (29.4%). AF of CSC focus during different disease course was different, which showed single platelike faint AF pool and b mottling AF complex focus in and out of the faint AF in the period of onset of the disease, while b mottling combining with faint mottling AF and various multiinfection fields in the period of chronicity. Conclusions The AF of CSC mainly demonstrates single faint AF, b mottling combining with faint mottling AF and multiinfection AF in macular fields. AF examination associates with fundus colorized photography and FFA can be mutually complemented in observing the images of CSC.
PURPOSE:To measure the epidermal growth factor (EGF)contents in vitreous and serum samples in normal subjects and patients with proliferative retinal diseases. METHODS: Using radioreceptor assay(RRA)to measure the EGF contents in vitreous and serum in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 16 cases, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 20 cases, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)16 cases,other retinal vascular diseases 5 cases,and controls 10 cases. RESULTS:The EGF levels in vitreous of the patient group were apparently higher than those of the controls (Plt;0. 001). Among patient group,the EGF contents in vitrectomy fluid was lower than that of original vitreous, reflecting about 60~ 63~ EGF level in original vitreous, Both showed positive correlation. To compare the EGF contents in serum of patients and controls,the EGF contents in serum of PDR group increased significantly. In CRVO group the EGF contents also increased,while in PVR group,the EGF contents were lower than those of the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The increased EGF contents in vitreous of patient group may play a role in the pathogenesis of proliferative retinal diseases. The RRA is a sensitive method for quantitative measurement of growth factor. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 91- 93）