bjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and limits of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in tumor treatment. MethodsThe references about the application of HIFU in tumor treatment in recent years were reviewed.ResultsHIFU caused localized hyperthermia at predictable depth in a few seconds to make the tumor tissue coagulative necrosis without injuring surrounding tissue. HIFU treatment had the advantages of low morbidity, noninvasiveness, avoidance of systemic side effects, and repeatitiveness. However, the utilization of HIFU sometimes could be limited by some factors such as imaging technique, organ movement, incomplete tissue destruction, etc.ConclusionHIFU is a promising noninvasive therapy for tumor treatment, though there are lots of problems to be further studied.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on the immunity of patients with advanced primary liver cancer (PLC). MethodsForty cases of PLC admitted to our institution from Mar. 2003 to Dec. 2003 were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups and received either HIFU or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment randomly. CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, NK, IL-2, TNF were chosen to assess the immune status before and after treatment. The results were compared statistically. ResultsThe survival rate after HIFU was 80.0%, 61.1%, 42.9%, 33.3% at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 1 year respectively, which was similar to that after RFA treatment. The changes of immunity parameters of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, NK, IL-2 and TNF were not significant after HIFU treatment. In addition, the differences of those parameters between HIFU group and RFA group were insignificant. ConclusionThere are no detrimental effects on immunity in the early period after HIFU treatment.
This study proposed a method to calibrate tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation in computed tomography system. In the method, the tube was rotated to 0° and 180° respectively, and then one metal jig with symmetric windows A and B was scanned at each position under the tube cool and static condition. According to the geometry of tube focus spot, aperture center of the collimator and jig, the distance between tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation were calculated with the X ray transmittance data after denoising, mean value and normalization. To verify the practicability and validity of the method, the tube focus spot in a 16 slices CT system (Brivo CT385, GE, China) was calibrated, and the result after calibration was validated by scanning a polaroid film. The validation result showed that the deviation between tube focal spot and center plane of rotation was 0.02 mm and was in the error range within ± 0.1 mm. The results of this study showed that, as a simple and low-cost design, the method could be used for fast calibration between tube focus spot and the center plane of rotation.
ObjectiveTo explore the application value of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.MethodThe domestic and foreign literatures about studies of HIFU treating advanced pancreatic cancer in recent years were retrieved and summarized.ResultsHIFU could prolong the survival time, control pain, and enhance the body’s immune function in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. There were no obvious serious complications during the treatment process. The combined treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine could obviously prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life for the patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.ConclusionsHIFU is an important component in the comprehensive treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. However, because there is no uniform standard for the dosage of HIFU treatment, the sample size of many related studies is small, so the research results have certain limitations, so more studies are needed to improve their understanding of advanced pancreatic cancer in order to better serve clinical workin future.
In order to solve the problem of the micro flow cell clogging, and to improve the reliability of the flow cytometry system, a new method was proposed for hydrodynamic self-cleaning system. By analyzing the flow cell focus principle, we considered that to obtain stable single cell flow, the stable pressure in the flow chamber must be ensured. Therefore, we established a diagnosis method of clogging by the pressure detecting, and designed a self-cleaning system. Then we built up corresponding experimental systems. Experiments and testing showed that the self-cleaning system could improve the flow and resolve the clogging problem.
To ensure the scientific and recognized evaluation of patient-centered clinical research outcomes, the drug development tool qualification certification website of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research have disclosed the information of clinical outcome assessment (COA) submitted for certification, and encouraged the use of certified COA. This paper searched all COA and approval decisions on the website, analyzed the submitted information and certification status of COA, and interpreted the certification technology and process of COA, so as to provide references and suggestions for the development of patient-centered clinical research outcome evaluation.
The temperature during the brain tumor therapy using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) should be controlled strictly. This research aimed at realizing uniform temperature distribution in the focal region by adjusting driving signals of phased array transducer. The three-dimensional simulation model imitating craniotomy HIFU brain tumor treatment was established based on an 82-element transducer and the computed tomography (CT) data of a volunteer's head was used to calculate and modulate the temperature distributions using the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method. Two signals which focus at two preset targets with a certain distance were superimposed to emit each transducer element. Then the temperature distribution was modulated by changing the triggering time delay and amplitudes of the two signals. The results showed that when the distance between the two targets was within a certain range, a focal region with uniform temperature distribution could be created. And also the volume of focal region formed by one irradiation could be adjusted. The simulation results would provide theoretical method and reference for HIFU applying in clinical brain tumor treatment safely and effectively.
As subjects in drug clinical trials and participants in medical practice, patients can best understand their own conditions and needs. With this in mind, the FDA proposed "patient-centered drug discovery" and issued a set of guidelines to incorporate patient experiences, perspectives, needs, and preferences into the drug development and evaluation process. Guideline (2), methods for identifying important patient information, mainly describes methods and precautions for collecting and extracting patient experience data. This paper will focus on the characteristics, common methods and precautions of qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods in the collection of patient experience data, in order to provide help for the comprehensive collection of patient experience data.
Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for myoma of uterus fibroid. Methods Such databases as PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library (Issue 10, 2012), CBM, CNKI, and WanFang Data were electronically searched from inception to November 2012 for randomized controlled trials on HIFU for myoma of uterus fibroid. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software, and the quality levels of evidence were graded using GRADEpro 3.2 software. Results A total of 6 trials were included, involving 643 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that, HIFU was similar to surgery in complete and partial fibroid ablation, with no significant difference; HIFU and radiofrequency were different in complete and partial fibroid ablation, with significant differences; and HIFU was superior to mifepristone in complete fibroid ablation, with a significant difference. Conclusion HIFU is an alternative, non-invasive, safe and effective treatment for myoma of uterus fibroid.
The patient, as the person who experiences the disease first-hand, has the most direct and accurate experience of the pain of the disease and the most accurate need for health products. Although there is a vast array of technological means to combat disease and maintain health, the human burden of disease has not been reduced and the health needs of patients have not been fully met. Therefore, "patient-focused drug development" is imperative. Gathering comprehensive information from patients through multiple channels and incorporating this information into the entire drug development process can help ensure that patients’ experiences, perspectives, needs and priorities are taken into account and valued. This article will introduce the concept, development process and the specific problems it faces in patient-focused drug development.