Gut microbiota plays an important role in development of diabetes with frailty. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the structural and functional characteristics of gut microbiota in Chinese with frailty. Totally 30 middle-aged and the aged participants in communities with diabetes were enrolled in this study, and their feces were collected. At the same time, we developed a metagenome analysis to explore the different of the structural and functional characteristics between diabetes with frailty and diabetes without frailty. The results showed the alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota in diabetes with frailty was lower. Collinsella and Butyricimonas were more abundant in diabetes with frailty. The functional characteristics showed that histidine metabolism, Epstein-Barr virus infection, sulfur metabolism, and biosynthesis of type Ⅱ polyketide products were upregulated in diabetes with frailty. Otherwise, butanoate metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism were down-regulated in diabetes with frailty. This research provides theoretical basic for exploring the mechanism of the gut microbiota on the occurrence and development of diabetes with frailty, and provides a basic for prevention and intervention of it.
Objective To review the changes of gut microbiota after bariatric surgery and the related mechanisms of improving metabolism. Method Domestic and international literatures in recent ten years on the changes of gut microbiota in bariatric surgery and the mechanisms of improving metabolism were collated and summarized. Result The common bariatric procedures performed to date were vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The changes of gut microbiota vary in different surgical procedures, which were related to the changes of diet habits, gastrointestinal anatomy, gastrointestinal hormone levels and metabolic complications. The gut microbiota might improve the body metabolism by regulating the levels of short chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids and bacterial endotoxin in the intestinal lumen. Conclusions Significant changes are found in gut microbiota after bariatric surgery, which may be involved in the improvement of body metabolism by regulating the level of bacterial endotoxin and microbial metabolite. However, more in-depth mechanisms need to be further clarified.
There is a bidirectional association between tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and colorectal cancer. Small molecular substances metabolized by colorectal cancer affect the reprogramming of TAM, and TAM in turn regulates the biological behavior of colorectal cancer cells by secreting small molecular substances, and promotes the progression of colorectal cancer. In addition, gut microbiota metabolites are closely related to TAM reprogramming, and intestinal flora imbalance leads to gut barrier damage, favoring bacterial translocation and causing chronic tumorigenic inflammation. Studying the reprogramming mechanism affecting TAM and its relationship with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer may provide new ideas for the study of immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. This article reviews the research progress of TAM in patients with colorectal cancer, aims to provide a reference for clinical research.
ObjectiveTo summarise the influencing factors of gut microbiota in the perioperative period and its regulatory mechanism in postoperative pain, with the aim of providing clinical reference for postoperative pain management. MethodRelevant literatures on gut microbiota and postoperative pain in recent years were systematically reviewed and synthesised. ResultsAnaesthesia, preoperative mechanical bowel preparation, surgical stress, etc. could cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut microbiota directly or indirectly modulated the excitability of primary sensory neurons through their derived metabolites and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and influenced the pain signalling process by activating immune cells to release cytokines. ConclusionsGut microbiota play an important role in the development and progression of postoperative pain. Future studies should further clarify its role in different types of postoperative pain and develop innovative therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of gut microbiota to improve the management of postoperative pain.
Objective To introduce the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis (OA), focus on the possible mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis promoting OA, and propose a new therapeutic direction. Methods The domestic and foreign research literature on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and OA was reviewed. The role of the former in the occurrence and development of OA and the new ideas for the treatment of OA were summarized. Results The gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA mainly in three aspects. First, the gut microbiota dysbiosis destroys intestinal permeability and causes low-grade inflammation, which aggravate OA. Secondly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA through metabolic syndrome. Thirdly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of OA by regulating the metabolism and transport of trace elements. Studies have shown that improving gut microbiota dysbiosis by taking probiotics and transplanting fecal microbiota can reduce systemic inflammation and regulate metabolic balance, thus treating OA. Conclusion Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the development of OA, and improving gut microbiota dysbiosis can be an important idea for OA treatment.
ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cholelithiasis using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method. MethodsThe genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of gut microbiota from the MiBioGen study and the GWAS data of cholelithiasis from the FinnGen Biobank were utilized. Genetic variants significantly associated with the relative abundance of gut microbiota were identified as instrumental variables (IVs) based on a specified threshold. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach, with results assessed based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The robustness and reliability of the findings were ensured through quality control measures, including sensitivity analysis, assessment of heterogeneity, and evaluation for horizontal gene pleiotropy. ResultsClostridiumsensustricto1 [OR=1.160, 95%CI (1.023, 1.314), P=0.020], Coprococcus3 [OR=1.136, 95%CI (1.014, 1.272), P=0.028] and Peptococcus [OR=1.074, 95%CI (1.023, 1.128) , P=0.004] increased the risk of cholelithiasis. Bacilli [OR=0.897, 95%CI (0.818, 0.984), P=0.022], Family Ⅹ ⅢAD3011group [OR=0.908, 95%CI (0.830, 0.992), P=0.033] and Lactobacillales [OR=0.884, 95%CI (0.802, 0.974), P=0.013] were protective factors for cholelithiasis. ConclusionThe study has identified 6 kinds of specific gut microbiota that are causally linked to the development of cholelithiasis, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis.
Objective To assess any potential associations between lung cancer and gut microbiota. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out by utilizing summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the gut microbiota and lung cancer. The gut microbiota served as an exposure. Instrumental ariables (IVs) were identified from the GWAS of 18340 participants. The GWAS study of lung cancer from Europe served as an outcome, including 29 266 lung cancer patients and 56450 controls. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the reliability of MR analysis results. Results IVW results showed that Genus Parabacteroides (OR=1.258, 95%CI 1.034 to 1.531, P=0.022) and Phylum Bacteroidetes (OR=1.192, 95%CI 1.001 to 1.419, P=0.048) had a positive causal association with lung cancer, and there was a negative causal association between family Bifidobacteriaceae (OR=0.845, 95%CI 0.721 to 0.989, P=0.037) and order Bifidobacteriales (OR=0.865, 95%CI 0.721 to 0.989, P=0.037) with lung cancer. Sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of reverse causality, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Genus Parabacteroides and Phylum Bacteroidetes are related to an increased risk of lung cancer, family Bifidobacteriaceae and order Bifidobacteriales can reduce the risk of lung cancer. Our thorough investigations provide evidence in favor of a potential causal relationship between a number of gut microbiota-taxa and lung cancer. To demonstrate how gut microbiota influences the development of lung cancer, further research is necessary.