Objective To investigate expressions of EphA2 and EphrinA1 in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and to explore their clinical significances. Method The protein and mRNA expressions of EphA2 and EphrinA1 in 30 breast fibroma tissues, 30 breast cystic hyperplasia tissues, and 100 invasive ductal carcinoma of breast tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry andin situ hybridization respectively, and correlation between them and relations between their expressions in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast tissues and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed. Results ① The results of the immunohistochemistry andin situ hybridization tests showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of EphA2 and EphrinA1 in the invasive ductal carcinoma of breast tissues were significantly higher than those in the breast fibroma tissue (P<0.001) and breast cystic hyperplasia tissue (P<0.001). ② The positive expressions of EphA2 and EphrinA1 protein and mRNA were associated with the lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and TNM stage (P<0.05), in other words, which in the invasive ductal carcinoma of breast patients with lymph node metastasis, high histological grade, and high TNM stage were higher. However, which were not associated with the age and the tumor diameter (P>0.05). ③ The positive protein expressions or positive mRNA expressions in the invasive ductal carcinoma of breast tissues all had positive correlations between the EphA2 and the EphrinA1 (protein:rs =0.999,P<0.01; mRNA:rs =0.942,P<0.01). Conclusions EphA2 and EphrinA1 might be involved in carcinogenesis and development procedures of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Combined detection of EphA2 and EphrinA1 could help to predict clinical and pathologic characteristics of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. They might provide a new target for clinical medication, prognosis, and targeted therapy.
Objective To observe the expression of Twist in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and analyze the relationship between positive expression of Twist and disease-free survival, and to provide clinical evidence for reducing tumor recurrence, prolonging disease-free survival and improving prognosis. Methods Retrospective analysis of 70 ESCC patients receiving thoracic surgery from June 2010 to June 2012 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital was done, including 39 males and 31 females with an average age of 63.6 years. The expression of Twist in normal esophageal tissue, tumor tissue and vascular tumor emboli was observed by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin specimens. Results The positive rate of Twist in normal esophageal tissues was 42.9%, and in tumor tissue was 77.1% (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Twist in tumor cells was 74.3% in patients with vascular tumor emboli and 80.0% in patients without vascular tumor emboli (P>0.05). The positive expression rate of Twist in tumor cells and in vascular tumor emboli was 74.3% and 71.4%, respectively (P>0.05). The expression of Twist in lymphatic vessels and blood vessels of patients with vascular tumor emboli was 56.0% and 72.0%, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion Twist expression in esophageal cancer tissues is significantly higher than that in normal tissues, but there is no significant difference in the positive expression of Twist between tumor cells and the mean disease-free survival (P>0.05). At present, Twist expression can not be used as a prognostic indicator of esophageal cancer, and more researches need be further implemented.
摘要:目的:探讨PTTG的表达在非小细胞肺癌发生、发展中的作用及其与CMYC蛋白表达的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测PTTG、CMYC二种蛋白在44例非小细胞肺癌、20例肺良性病变组织和12例正常支气管粘膜上皮组织中的表达。结果:PTTG和CMYC蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达明显高于肺良性病变组及癌旁组织,在TNM分期、淋巴结转移组间差别有统计学意义。非小细胞肺癌组织中PTTG与CMYC表达呈显著正相关。结论:提示PTTG和CMYC可能参与了非小细胞肺癌的发生和发展,可作为反映其生物学行为的指标。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the expression of PTTG and its relationship with expressions of CMYC protein in human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the expression of PTTG,CMYCproteins in 44 surgical specimens from NSCLC patients,20 pneumonic benign lesion and 19 normal bronchial epithelium. Results:There were high erexpressions of PTTG,CMYC in NSCLC tissues than inadjacent tissues and benign lesions.There were statistical relationships between their expressions and TNM stage,lymphnode metastasis.The expression of PTTG was positively correlated with CMYC. Conclusion: Overexpression of PTTG,CMYC may be related to human NSCLC,PTTG and CMYC play a cooperative role inthe process of NSCLC,all of them may be used as important indices for biologic behavior of NSCLC.
ObjectiveTo explore the expression of alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) in human gastric cancer tissue and the influence of chemotherapeutics on expression of CRYAB mRNA.Methods① The gastric cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues of 76 patients underwent radical resection from April 2018 to March 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and the Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital were collected, the expression of CRYAB protein in the gastric cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues of 76 patients with gastric cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry SP technique. The relation between the expression of CRYAB protein and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. ② Twenty-one gastric tissues of patients accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 26 gastric tissues of patients with no neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were collected from November 2018 to March 2020, the expression of CRYAB mRNA was detected by real time-PCR.ResultsThe expression of CRYAB protein in gastric cancer tissues was positive in 51 cases (67.1%) and in the corresponding adjacent tissues was positive in 32 cases (42.1%), the positive rate was higher in gastric cancer tissues (χ2=9.581, P=0.002). The over-expression of CRYAB protein in the gastric cancer tissues was correlated with the TNM stage, Borrmann typing, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion of the patients, and Lauren classification (P<0.05), but not correlated with the age, gender, tumor sitation, and diameter (P>0.05). The expression of CRYAB mRNA in the gastric cancer tissues with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in the gastric cancer tissues without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (t=8.37, P<0.001).ConclusionsThe over-expression of CRYAB protein is closely related to the invasion and progression of gastric cancer, they may be involved in the progression of gastric cancer and play a crucial role. Moreover, the expression of CRYAB mRNA increases after chemotherapy, it suggests that chemotherapy drugs can activate the self-protection mechanism of tumor cells to some extent, and influence the effect of chemotherapy by increasing expression of CRYAB protein.
Objective To investigate the histological origin, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE). Methods Five patients with thyroid CASTLE were adopted by surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy, and the CD5, CD117, CK5/6, P63, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin (CT), Ki-67, chromogranin A (CgA), thyrobolulin (Tg), peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγ (PPAR-γ), sodium iodide symporter (NIS), and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) were detected in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry S-P method and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)V600E gene and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations were detected by DNA sequencing. Eight cases of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 6 cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were adopted by comprehensive comparative analysis. Results Thyroid CASTLE tumor cells showed the positive expression of CD5, CD117, CK5/6 and P63, and the negative expression of TTF-1, CT, CgA, Tg, PPAR-γ, NIS and TSHR. There were partly positive expression for CK5/6, P63, TTF-1, CgA, Tg, NIS and TSHR, and negative expression for CD5 and CD117 in the poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. The BRAFV600E gene and TERT promoter mutations were not detected in thyroid CASTLE, and the BRAFV600E gene mutations were also not detected in the poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Four cases of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma showed the TERT promoter mutations (4/8) included 3 cases with C228T and 1 case with C250T. Two cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma showed the TERT promoter mutations (2/6) included 1 case with C228T and 1 case with C250T. There was no recurrence and metastasis after 3–47 months (an average of 25.6 months) of followed-up in thyroid CASTLE patients. Conclusions The histological origin of thyroid CASTLE may be not related to the thyroid. There is important clinical value to combined detection of CD5, CD117, P63, TTF-1, Tg, NIS, and TSHR for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid CASTLE. The further study still need for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid CASTLE according to the detection of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and clinical significance of cytochromes b561 (CYB561) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsThe expression of CYB561 mRNA in HCC tissues and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed by database data. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of CYB561 protein in 61 matched HCC tissues and their adjacent tissues, and the relationship between CYB561 protein expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of CYB561 protein and the prognosis of HCC. ResultsThe analysis of database data showed that the relative expression of CYB561 mRNA in HCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.001). Compared with HCC patients with negative expression of CYB561 mRNA, HCC patients with positive expression of CYB561 mRNA had worse overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival, progression-free survival and disease-free survival (all P<0.05). The results of IHC showed that the positive rates of CYB561 protein in HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were 57.38% (35/61) and 21.31%(13/61), respectively. The former was higher than the latter, with statistical significance (χ2=16.624, P<0.001). Survival analysis showed that the OS of patients with positive expression of CYB561 protein was worse than that of patients with negative expression (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that the positive expression of CYB561 protein was a risk factor for postoperative OS in HCC patients [HR=3.308, 95%CI (1.344, 8.144), P=0.009]. ConclusionCYB561 is positively expressed in HCC and suggests a worse survival, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC.
ObjectiveTo detect expressions of Lgr5 and E-cadherin (E-cad) proteins in gastric cancer tissues and analyze their relationships with the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.MethodsThe expressions of Lgr5 and E-cad proteins in the 69 patients with gastric cancer and adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues were measured by the immunohistochemical SABC method, and the relationships between the Lgr5 or E-cad protein expression in the gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathologic characteristics and the survival of patients with gastric cancer were analyzed.ResultsThe expressions of Lgr5 and E-cad proteins were positive in 60 cases (87.0%) and 30 cases (43.5%) of gastric cancer tissues, respectively, and in 5 cases (16.7%) and 30 cases (100%) of adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of Lgr5 or E-cad protein expression in the different tissues, respectively (Lgr5 protein: χ2=45.814, P<0.001; E-cad protein: χ2=11.249, P=0.001). The positive rates of Lgr5 and E-cad protein expressions in the gastric cancer were related to the degree of differentiation and the depth of invasion. Meanwhile the positive rate of Lgr5 protein expression in the gastric cancer tissue was also related to the lymph node metastasis and Helicobacter pylori infection, while the positive rate of E-cad protein expression was not related to these (P>0.05). The 5-year total survival time had no significant difference in the patients between with positive and with negative expressions of Lgr5 protein (χ2=1.819, P=0.117), which had a significant difference in the patients between with positive and with negative expressions of E-cad protein (χ2=5.814, P=0.016). The positive expression of Lgr5 was negatively correlated with that of E-cad (rs=−0.355, P=0.003).ConclusionsLgr5 protein may get involved in the mechanism of tumor invasion, lymph nodal metastasis, and low differentiation, while no relationship between the Lgr5 protein and prognosis has been confirmed. E-cad protein may get involved in the mechanism of tumor invasion and affect the prognosis of patients.
Objective To investigate the expressions of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and sex determining region Y-box protein 2 (SOX2) in breast cancer tissues and their clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of ALDH1 and SOX2 protein in cancerous and its paracancer tissues of 80 patients with breast cancer treated in our hospital from 2017 to 2019, and to analyze the correlation between the expressions of ALDH1 and SOX2 protein, as well as the relationship between their expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Results The positive expression rates of ALDH1 and SOX2 protein in breast cancer tissues were 75.0% and 62.5%, respectively. The positive expression rates of ALDH1 and SOX2 protein in paracancer tissues were 30.0% and 21.3%, respectively. The positive rates of ALDH1 and SOX2 protein expressions in breast cancer tissues were higher than those in paracancer tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expressions of ALDH1 and SOX2 proteins in breast cancer tissues were correlated with histological grade, TNM stage and axillary lymph node status of breast cancer (P<0.05). By Spearman correlation analysis, ALDH1 was positively correlated with SOX2 expression (rs=0.507, P<0.001). The univariate analysis of statistically significant indicators and the combination of clinical characteristics of the logistic regression multivariate analysis found that, breast cancer tumor size, histological grade, TNM stage, axillary lymph node status and ALDH1 protein and SOX2 protein expressions were not significantly correlated with those reaching disease-free survival (DFS) after follow-up (P>0.05, which may be affected by small sample size and small number of endpoint events). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and log-rank test results showed that the cumulative DFS rates of patients with positive ALDH1 and SOX2 protein expression were lower than those of with negative expression (P<0.05). Conclusions ALDH1 and SOX2 proteins are highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and they are positively correlated. Survival curves show that positive ALDH1 and SOX2 proteins in breast cancer tissues tend to have a poorer prognosis.
Objective To investigate expressions of silence signal regulating factor-1 (SIRT-1) and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) in gastric cancer and their clinical significances. Methods The immunohistochemistry SP technique was used to detect the expressions of SIRT-1 and E-cadherin in the gastric cancer tissues and their corresponding paracancerous gastric tissues. The relationship between the SIRT-1 expression and E-cadherin expression was analyzed using Spearman. Results The positive rate of the SIRT-1 protein expression in the gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that of the corresponding paracancerous gastric tissues (χ2=5.791, P=0.016). The SIRT-1 protein positive expression was related to the Lauren histological type of gastric cancer (χ2=4.941, P=0.026), in other words, in the intestinal type was significantly higher than that of the diffuse type, but which was not related to the age, gender, tumor size, tumor site, differentiation degree, TNM stage, or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). While the positive rate of the E-cadherin protein expression in the gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that of the corresponding paracancerous gastric tissues (χ2=10.868, P=0.001), which in the intestinal type of gastric cancer was significantly lower than that in the diffuse type of gastric cancer (χ2=5.203, P=0.023), also not related to the age, gender, tumor size, tumor site, differentiation degree, TNM stage, or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). There was a negative correlation between the SIRT-1 protein and the E-cadherin protein (rs=–0.381, P=0.013). Conclusions Gastric cancer with higher SIRT-1 expression might be way to achieve tumor development through E-cadherin as a facilitator. Upregulation of SIRT-1 and declining of E-cadherin might play a possible role in intestinal type gastric cancer.
Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods PTC tissues and its para-cancerous tissues of 50 patients with PTC who treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities from Mar. 2014 to Mar. 2017 were retrospectively collectied, to detect the expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein by immunohistochenmical method. Results ① Expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues and para-cancerous tissues: the positive-expression rate of Notch-2 protein in PTC tissues was 82.00% (41/50), which was higher than that of para-cancerous tissues〔18.00% (9/50)〕, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=40.960, P<0.001). The positive-expression rate of Numb protein in PTC tissues was 66.00% (33/50), which was higher than that of para-cancerous tissues 〔0 (0/50) 〕, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=49.254, P<0.001). ② The relationship between expression of Notch-2 protein and expression of Numb protein in PTC tissues: there was a positive correlation between expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues (rs=0.323, P=0.022). ③ The relationship between expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues and clinicopathological features of the PTC patients: the expression of Notch-2 protein in PTC tissues was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumor diameter, capsule infiltration, cervical lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging (P>0.05). The expression of Numb protein in PTC tissues was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumor diameter, and capsule infiltration (P>0.05), but was significantly correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P<0.05), the positive rates of Numb protein in patients of staging Ⅲ+Ⅳ group and cervical lymph node metastasis group were lower than those of patients in staging Ⅰ+Ⅱ group and non-cervical lymph node metastasis group. Conclusion The positive-expression rate of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues are higher than those of para-cancerous tissues, and there is a positive correlation between them in PTC tissues, suggesting that there may be a synergistic effect in the course of PTC progression.