摘要:目的:探讨2型糖尿病合并糖尿病足患者与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:205例2型糖尿病患伴糖尿病足患者作为观察组,无足部病变的糖尿病患者作为对照组,观察其体重指数、空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂等指标,两组间进行比较并相关性分析、多元回归分析。胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)=FPG×FIns/22.5。结果:糖尿病足患者的HOMAIR显著高于无糖尿病的患者(Plt;0.05)。多元回归分析显示糖尿病病程、LDL及BMI是影响2型糖尿病足患者胰岛素抵抗的主要危险因素。结论:糖尿病足患者存在着更严重的胰岛素抵抗。Abstract: Objective: To discuss the relationship between diabetes and pedopathy of type II diabetes and insulin resistance. Methods:The diabetes type II patients were divided into group A (combined with pedopathy) and group B (without pedopathy). The blood glucose and insulin of empty stomach, BMI,Alc and lipid were detected. The insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) was calculated and compared between two groups. Results:The HOMAIR was higher in group A than that in group B (Plt;0.05).The duration of disease,LDL and BMI was positive related with diabetes pedopathy. Conclusion:The insulin resistance was more worse in pedopathy of Type II diabetes.
ObjectiveTo observe and compare the cytological and biological differences between human normal and degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP), and to investigate the repair effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IFG-1) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) on human degenerated NP.MethodsHuman degenerative and normal NP tissues were obtained from operative patients, a portion of which were processed into tissue sections and HE staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) before and after degeneration of NP. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to determine the expression levels of collagen type Ⅰ, collagen type Ⅱ, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) proteins. Another portion of tissues were isolated and cultured and NPCs morphology was observed under inverted microscope. Western blot analysis was used to detect collagen type Ⅱ protein expression. Then, the gene transfection experiments were launched, including 4 groups, with group A designed as degenerated NPCs only, and groups B, C, and D of degenerated NPCs transfected with IGF-1 gene lentiviral particles, PDGF gene lentiviral particles, and lentiviral particles carrying IGF-1 and PDGF double genes, respectively. At 21 days after transfection, the cell morphology of each group was observed under inverted microscope, the positive rates of IGF-1 and PDGF of each group were measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of collagen type Ⅱ protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot.ResultsHE staining showed that there were a large number of notochordal cells and a small number of chondrocytes in the central NP tissue of normal group, while the NPCs in degeneration group were significantly reduced, and a large proportion of fibrocartilage tissues were found in NP tissue. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the percentages of collagen type Ⅰ and Bax protein-positive cells in degeneration group were significantly higher than those of normal group, while the percentages of collagen type Ⅱ and Bcl-2 protein-positive cells were significantly lower than those of normal group (P<0.05). Western blot showed that the relative expression level of collagen type Ⅱ protein in degeneration group was significantly lower than that in normal group (t=65.493, P=0.000). At 21 days after gene transfection, compared with group A, the cell viability of groups B, C, and D increased and the morphology became more regular. Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of IGF-1-positive cells in groups B and D were significantly higher than that in group A, and the percentages of PDGF-positive cells in groups C and D were significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the positive stainings of collagen type Ⅱ in groups A, B, C, and D was (±), (+), (+), and (++), respectively. Western blot showed that the relative expression of collagen type Ⅱ protein in groups A, B, C, and D increased by degrees, and the differences between groups were significant (P<0.05).ConclusionBoth IGF-1 and PDGF can reverse the degeneration of intervertebral discs NPCs and they have synergistic effects, providing experimental basis for its application in clinical treatment approaches for degenerative disc disease.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effectiveness of high-glucose insulin mixture on the local treatment of patients with grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ pressure ulcers. MethodsA total of 124 patients with grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ pressure ulcers treated between January 2011 and June 2012 were randomly divided into three groups: saline group (group A, n=41), high-glucose insulin mixture group (group B, n=41) and modern dressing group (group C, n=42). We observed and compared the treatment effects among the three groups using both measurements of traditional evaluation criteria and pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) after a week of dressing. ResultsThe overall treatment effects among the three groups were significantly different (χ2=30.453, P<0.001). The results of pairwise comparisons was that the treatment effect was significantly different between group B or C and group A (P<0.01), but the treatment effect was not statistically different between group B and C (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis for patients with grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ pressure ulcers also came to the similar results. ConclusionBoth high-glucose insulin mixture and modern dressing have significant effects on patients with grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ pressure ulcers. However, the high-glucose insulin mixture costs less and is worthy of extensive promotion.
Diabetes and its complications pose a serious threat to human life and health. It has become a public health problem of wide concern worldwide. Currently, diabetes is mainly treated with insulin injection in clinic. However, manual insulin injection still has many shortcomings. In recent years, with the deepening of research, it has been found that an automated insulin delivery system (AID), which combines a continuous glucose monitoring device with an insulin pump, can significantly improve the effectiveness of diabetes treatment and reduce the incidence of complications in patients. This paper firstly introduces the composition of the AID system and its working principle, and then details the development history and current status of the related technologies from the aspects of continuous glucose monitoring technology, insulin pumps and the development of closed-loop control algorithms, etc. Finally, this paper looks forward to the application prospect and future development of AID system in the field of diabetes treatment, providing theoretical reference for further research.
Objective To establish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines which olig-expressed IGF1R gene stably． Methods An eukaryotic expressing vector pSUPER-IGF1R-siRNA that could block IGF1R expressing was transferred into hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC7721 and Hep3B with Lipofectamine 2000 reagents． After transferred, cells were selected with G418 to obtain positive clones. The expressions of IGF1R, cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot． Cell growth curve were painted. Results Two cell lines clones were screened olig-expressing IGF1R gene stably． The experimental cell lines grew more slowly than control cell lines and the expression of cyclin D1 decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion The HCC cell lines for olig-expressing IGF1R gene stably are established successfully．The plasmid pSUPER-IGF1R-siRNA can inhibit the growth of SMMC7721 and Hep3B cell lines, and the expression of cyclin D1.
Objective To study the interferencing and anti-tumor effects of lentiviral vector of siRNA targeting IGF1R and EGFR gene of the liver cancer cell. Methods The complementary DNA containing both sense and antisense Oligo DNA of the targeting sequence was designed, synthesized and connected to the pLVTHM vector, named pLVTHM-IGF1R, into whom the EGFR-siRNA expression frame containing H1 promotor synthesized by RT-PCR was cloned to generate pLVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA. The 293T cells were cotransfected by 3 plasmids of pLVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA, psPAX2 and pMD2G to enclose LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA, which was amplified in large amount and purified by caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation for measurement of virus titer. SMMC7721 cells infected by LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA were infection group, the untreated SMMC7721 cells and blank vector plasmid LVTHM were two control groups (SMMC7721 cell group and blank vector group). The effect of LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA on IGF1R and EGFR expressions of SMMC7721 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The antitumor potential of LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA to SMMC7721 cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay for cell growth and TUNEL for apoptosis respectively. Results LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA was constructed successfully. Functional pfu titers of LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA was 4.58×109 pfu/ml. Protein and mRNA expression of IGF1R and EGFR of infection group were less than those of blank vector group and SMMC7721 cell group （P＜0.05）, LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA was more effective to inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells （P＜0.05）. Conclusion LVTHM-IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA expressing IGF1R-EGFR-siRNA can inhibit the expression of IGF1R and EGFR, and may be used for further investigation of gene therapy of liver cancer.
摘要:目的: 观察格列美脲对2型糖尿病患者心血管的保护作用并探讨其可能的机制。 方法 :112例T2DM患者随机分为格列美脲组(格列美脲+二甲双胍)和对照组(格列本脲+二甲双胍),观察治疗前后两者空腹及餐后两小时血糖(FBG,2hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)、甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、血浆脂联素的变化。 结果 :两组患者的TC、LDLC、TG、FBG、2hPBG都较治疗前降低,连续服用6个月以上格列美脲的T2DM患者其血浆HCY、HOMAIR、血糖水平明显下降,血浆脂联素水平明显升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(〖WTBX〗P lt;005)。 结论 :格列美脲能降低多项心血管危险因子水平,对血脂、HCY和动脉粥样硬化都有良性调节作用,其作用基础可能与改善胰岛素抵抗,增加血浆脂联素相关。Abstract: Objective: To observe the protective effects and to explore mechanisms of glimepiride on cardiovascular system of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods : 112 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into treatment group (glimepiride combined with metformin) and control group (glibenclamide combined with metformin). The fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2hPBG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), FINS, HOMAIR, blood lipid (TC, TG, LDLC and HDLC), HCY (homocysteine) and adiponectin were detected before and after treatment. Results : In all cases, the level of TC、LDLC、TG、FBG、2hPBG were decreased after treated with glimepiride or glibenclamide combined with metformin for 6 monthes. Moreover, the level of HCY, HOMAIR and blood glucose were decreased and the level of adiponectin was increased significantly than that of in control group (Plt;005). Conclusion : Glimepiride showed the effective on decreasing the risk factor of cardiovascular system disease with regulation of blood lipid, HCY, and improve the atherosclerosis. The effective of glimepiride on cardiovascular system was relation to improved the insulin resistance and increase the adiponectin.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of correlation between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus.MethodsRecent studies on the association between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus were extensively reviewed, and relevant research results on the association between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus were reviewed.ResultsPancreatic cancer had a particular association with diabetes. Patients with pancreatic cancer may develop new diabetes or worsen existing diabetes mellitus. About 50% of patients with pancreatic cancer had diabetes mellitus before diagnosis, suggesting a “dual causal relationship” between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus. Long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was one of the high risk factors for the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer. T2DM may also increase the risk of pancreatic cancer due to hyperinsulinemia, adipokine, and other factors. Pancreatic cancer was one of the cause of diabetes mellitus at the same time, but its mechanism was not yet known, also needed to get a lot of information to understand the impact of long-term diabetes mellitus on the development of pancreatic cancer, as well as the reason of pancreatic cancer related to diabetes mellitus mechanism.ConclusionThe clear relationship between pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus has not been proved, and further research is needed to clarify the relationship between them.
Objective To probe the relationship between the levels of two hormone,growth hormone (GH) and insulin-I like growth factor-I(IGF-I),and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the patients with noninsulindependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM)． Methods The direct radioimmunoassay was used to determine GH and IGF-I in the serum of 38 normal cotrols,61 NIDDM patients without DR,77 patients with the simple DR and 48 patients with the proliferative DR．Difference among these groups were analysed and compared by the methods of t test,F test and correlation analysis． Results The results showed that the levels of GH and IGF-I in the patients with diabetes [GH(1.659plusmn;1.509)ng/ml，IGF-I(118.7plusmn;52.0) ng/ml] were significantly higher than those in the normal controls [GH(0.619plusmn;0.351)ng/ml，IGF-I (63.6plusmn;30.6) ng/ml)] (P＜0.01),and those in the DR group were higher than those in the NIDDM without retinopathy group (P＜0.01),and levels of GH and IGF-I in the proliferative DR group [GH(2.953plusmn;1.648) ng/ml，IGF-I (159.2plusmn;47.5) ng/ml] ) were significantly higher than those in the simple DR group [GH(1.742plusmn;1.523) ng/ml，IGF-I (123.6plusmn;40.6) ng/ml] (P＜0.01)．SeveritY of DR was positively correlated with the levels of GH and IGF-I(P＜0.01)． Conclusion The results indicate that GH and IGF-I levels in the serum of patients with diabetes might be correlated with mechanisms and development of DR． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:30-31)
Objective To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and diabetic retinopathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus（NIDDM） patients． Methods In 55 health controls，60 NIDDM patients with DR and 75 NIDDM patients without DR，the plasma total cholesterol（TC），triglycerides（TG），high-density lipoprotein（HDL）and HDL subfractions，fasting plasma glucose（FPG），fasting plasma insulin（FINS）and glycosylated hemogolbin（HbA 1C）were measured，and the plasma lowdensity lipoprotein （LDL） and very lowdensity lipoprotein（VLDL）were caculated． Results In NIDDM patients with DR，the TC，LDL，FPG，HbA 1C and duration of NIDDM were higher or longer than those in NIDDM patients without DR．Moreover，the TC，LDL，FPG、FINS、HbA 1C and dutation of NIDDM were increased or lengthened in NIDDM patients with proliferative DR as compared with those with backgroud DR．The correlation analysis showed the severity of DR was positively correlated with TC，LDL，HbA 1C and duration of NIDDM． Conclusion Dyslipidemia may play some role in the onset and development of DR． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:21-23)