OBJECTIVE: To review the recent progress in the treatment of wrist disorder by limited intercarpal arthrodesis and the related experimental study. METHODS: Recent original articles related to limited intercarpal arthrodesis, including clinical practice and experimental study, were extensively retrieved and carefully analyzed. RESULTS: Limited intercarpal arthrodesis could relieve pain and stabilize the wrist joint with partial motion. CONCLUSION: With suitable indication and well selected operation approach, the limited intercarpal arthrodesis should be the optimal surgical intervention than total carpal athrodesis in the treatment of wrist disorder.
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of chitosan in prevention of knee dysfunction due to adhesion after operation for patellar fracture. Methods From March to October 1999, 40 cases of patellar fracturewere treated by internal fixation, with intraarticular injection of 2% chitosan in only 24 cases after fixation and with no chitosan injection in 16 cases(control group). The function of the knee joint, including extension and flexion, was evaluated 1month and 1 year after operation respectively. Results One month after operation, the knees with chitosan injection could actively move in the average range of 104°±23°, and the knees in the control group could move in the average range of72°±16°, which showed significant difference between two groups(P＜0.01); 1 year after operation, the range of movement of the knees with injection was 165°±38° on average, and that of the knees in the control group was 110°± 31°, which also indicated significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Medical chitosan could effectively prevent or reduce the post-operative adhesion of knee joint after patellar operation.
Objective To explore the diagnosis and surgical treatment of tarsometatarsal joint complex injuries. Methods Between January 2000 and October 2009, 24 cases of tarsometatarsal joint complex injuries were treated. There were 14 males and 10 females with an average age of 38 years (range, 21-65 years). Injury was caused by a machine in 8 cases,by traffic accident in 12 cases, and by fall ing from height in 4 cases. All fractures were closed. The time from injury tohospital ization was 2-17 hours (5 hours on average). Open reduction and internal fixation with screw were performed. Results Incision healed by first intention in other patients except 1 patient who had effusion at incision. Twenty-three cases were followed up 12-47 months with an average of 23 months. X-ray films showed that all fractures healed after 9-15 weeks of operation (13 weeks on average). No compl ication was found, such as osteofacial compartment sydrome, nonunion infection, loosening or breakage of the internal fixator. According to Maryland scoring, the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases with an excellent and good rate of 65.2%. Conclusion Anatomical reduction and stable fixation are important for satisfying results in treating tarsometatarsal joint complex injuries.
Objective To investigate the diagnose and treatment of intra-articular fracture of the 5th metacarpale base with carpometacarpal joint dislocation (reverse Bennett fracture). Methods Between January 2008 and March 2012, 26 cases of reverse Bennett fracture were treated. There were 20 males and 6 females, aged 19-48 years (mean, 26 years). The injury causes included boxing injury in 19 cases, falling injury in 3 cases, heavy pound injury in 3 cases, and crushing injury in 1 case. According to Lundeen classification, there were 8 cases of type A, 9 cases of type B, 3 cases of type C, and 6 cases of type D. The time from injury to operation ranged 1-8 days with an average of 4 days. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires, screws, or plates by L-shaped dorsal incision. Results Primary healing was obtained in all incisions; no infection, hematoma, and necrosis occurred after operation. All patients were followed up with an average time of 12.5 months (range, 8-24 months). X-ray films showed that all fractures healed after 6-8 weeks (mean, 6.5 weeks); no delayed union or nonunion and no the 5th carpometacarpal joint dislocation were observed. Two cases had mild osteoarthritis. According to the upper extremity functional evaluation standard by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the results were excellent in 22 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 96.2%. Conclusion For patients with reverse Bennett fracture, good results can be obtained if early diagnose is done and appropriate internal fixation is selected.
To study project of simpl icity and util ity for screw-plate system by pedicle of atlanto-axis mani pulatively hand by X-ray film and CT to prove the one success rate of putting screws. Methods Formulate personal program was used in operation by image save transmission of X-ray film and CT during January 2002 and September 2006 in 31 patients. There were 18 males and 13 femals, aged from 23 to 61 years old with an average age of 43.5 years. Putting screw points bypedicle of atlas were measured: left (19.93 ± 1.32) mm, right (19.16 ± 1.30) mm; putting screw obl iquity angle to inside by pedicle of atlas: left (23.72 ± 2.09)°, right (23.35 ± 1.91)°; putting screw obl iquity angle to side of head by pedicle of atlas: (9.00 ± 1.20)°. Screw points by pedicle of axis: left (13.14 ± 0.82) mm right (13.85 ± 0.79) mm; putting screw obl iquity angle to inside by pedicle of axis: left (24.52 ± 1.26)°, right (20.42 ± 1.42)°; putting screw obl iquity angle to side of head by pedicle of axis: (25.00 ± 3.00)°. The domestic location toward speculum was employed in operation and putting screw points and angles were formulated by X-CT program. The pedicle screws of suitable diameter and length were of exception and screws into pedicle of atlanto-axis were put by hand. Results Pain of the greater occipital nerve occurred in 2 patients after operation and was fully recovered by treatment 1 month after operation. The lateral cortical bone of pedicle was cut by 2 screws, but the spinal cord and vertebral artery were fine. The atlas and the fracture of odontoid process of axis were completely replaced in X-ray films of all patients 1 day after operation.The position relation of lag screw and vertebral artery or spinal cord was very good in CT sheets. All cases were followed up with an average of 10.5 months during 9 months to 5 years and 4 months, and obtained atlantoaxial arthrodesis. The breakage of screw and plate was not found in all cases. According to JOA score standard, 16 cases were excellent, 12 were good, 2 were fair, 1 was poor, and the excellent and good rate was 90.32% . Conclusion The personal design and cl inical appl ication of X-ray films and CT sheets are of great significance to screw-plate system by pedicle of atlanto-axis because of simpl ification of designs and methods and better personal ity.
The 2020 Management of Glenohumeral Joint Osteoarthritis Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline which was prepared by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) were publicated on October 2020. The guideline involves the following 8 chapters: drug therapy and injectable biologics, physical therapy and non-surgical treatments, radiographs, prognostic factors, surgical treatments, intraoperative hemostasis measure (tranexamic acid), management of supraspinatus tears, multimodal pain management and discharge. In this paper, the guideline is interpreted to provide cutting-edge information for domestic glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis researchers.
Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of silkworm larvae plasma (SLP) colorimetry in the accurate diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods Ninety healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were used for knee arthroplasty with Swanson prosthesis. Then they were randomly divided into 3 groups according to different pathogenic bacteria: group A (Staphylococcus aureus group), group B (Staphylococcus epidermidis group) and group C (Escherichia coli group), with 30 rats in each group. The PJI model was prepared by knee injection with 1 mL of pathogenic bacteria of different concentrations. Samples were taken before inoculation and at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation, and based on the 2018 PJI Philadelphia International Consensus diagnostic criteria, the success rate of modeling among 3 groups of experimental animals was determined. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic efficiency of SLP colorimetry were calculated. Results At 21 days after inoculation, 26, 18, and 23 rabbits in groups A, B, and C were diagnosed as infection, respectively. The success rates of modeling were 86.7%, 60.0%, and 76.7%, respectively, showing no significant difference among the 3 groups (χ2=5.724, P=0.073). The results of PJI colorimetry showed that 1 false-positive animal (specificity 75.0%) appeared in group A at 7 days, and the specificity of SLP increased to 100.0% over time (on 14 and 21 days); on 14 and 21 days, another animal appeared false-negative results (sensitivity decreased from 100.0% to 96.2%). One false-positive animal appeared in group B at 7 days (specificity 91.7%), the specificity returned to 100.0% over time; 1 and 4 false-negative animals appeared at 14 and 21 days, respectively (sensitivity 94.4% and 83.3%, respectively). In group C, two false-positive animals (specificity 71.4%) were found at 7 days, and then returned to 100.0%. The diagnostic efficiency of groups A and C was very high at 21 days (96.7% and 100.0%), even for the low virulence Staphylococcus epidermidis in group B, the diagnostic efficiency could be maintained at 90.0% (21 days), and the overall diagnostic efficiency was very good (95.6%). Conclusion SLP colorimetry has high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficiency in the diagnosis of PJI, which is a potential diagnostic method.
Objective To probe a satisfactory surgical management of the limbsalvage for osteogenic malignant tumors around the knees. Methods From January1989 to December 2001, 42 patients (19 males and 18 females, aged 12-46) with osteogenic malignant tumors around the knees underwent surgical management of the limb salvage, including prosthesis replacement, allogenous bone grafting, and bone cement with adriamycin filled. Based on the pathological examination, osteosarcoma was found in 11 patients, synoviosarcoma in 4 patients, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 3 patients, and giant cell tumor of the bone in 19 patients. All the patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 1-2 courses before operatioexcept the patients with giant cell tumor of the bone. The patients underwent prosthesis replacement, allogenous bone grafting, bone cement with adriamycin filled, and postoperative chemotherapy. By the Enneking evaluating system, the patients were assessed on their reconstructed limb functions after the reconstructive operation for the musculoskeleta malignant tumors. Of the patients, 37 were followed up after operation. Results According to the follow-up for 3-11 years (mean, 5.6 years) in the 37 patients, 2 patients had recurrence and metastasis of the tumor, and died 3 and 4 years after operation, respectively. One patient underwent amputation of the limb for local recurrence of the tumor. One patient had amputation of the limb for the preoperative radiotherapy and the infection and necrosis of the operative wound after the limb-salvage surgery. Two patients had amputation of the limb for the rejection of the allogenous bone graft and theformation of the fistula.Thirty-one patients had good wound healing andgood functions of the limb. The results were evaluated by the Enneking evaluating system as follows: excellent in 7 patients, good in 14, fair in 10, and poor in 6. Conclusion Making an early diagnosis, recognizing the operative indication, choosing the operative method, and performing the preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are the keys to achieving an ideal limb-salvage surgery for osteogenic malignant tumors around the knees.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reparative and reconstructive method of post-traumatic lateral instability of the ankle. METHODS: From January 1992 to June 2000, 7 cases of male patients with ankle injury (aged 25-43 years) underwent Wetson-Jones modification. A bone tunnel was drilled through 2.5 cm upside the lateral malleolus tip and talus, and short peroneal tendon was cut to pass the tunnel to fix twining. RESULTS: All patients were followed up 2-10 years, 5 cases mineworkers changed to work on the ground, 2 patients returned to the original work, no traumatic arthritis occurred. According to Baird ankle joint scoring standard, the ankle function was excellent in all cases. CONCLUSION: Reformed Wetson-Jones modification can repair and reconstruct perfectly the traumatic instability of the ankle.
ObjectiveTo investigate the cl inical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint locking with extension lag. MethodsBetween February 2009 and April 2014, 17 patients (17 fingers) with MCP joint locking with extension lag were treated. The patients included 4 males and 13 females, and the average age was 40.7 years (range, 20-72 years). The index finger was locked in 12 cases and the middle finger in 5 cases. All patients could not fully extend the MCP joint at about 30° flexion without flexion limitation of the interphalangeal joint. The range of motion (ROM) of the MCP joint was (41.2±5.1)°. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 2.7±0.5. X-ray and CT scanning showed that there was a bony prominence on radial condyle of the metacarpal head in 15 primary patients, and a hook like osteophyte on ulnar condyle in 2 degenerative patients. All patients were treated with close reduction first, and open reduction was conducted when the manipulation failed. ResultsSuccessful close reduction was achieved in 5 cases, and successful open reduction in 8 cases; 4 cases gave up treatment after failure for close reduction. All patients who achieved successful reduction were followed up 2.3 years on average (range, 6 months to 5 years and 2 months). The ROM of the MCP joint was increased to (80.4±6.6)° at last follow-up, showing significant difference when compared with ROM before reduction (t=-19.46, P=0.00). The VAS score decreased to 0.2±0.4 at last follow-up, also showing significant difference when compared with score before reduction (t=13.44, P=0.00). ConclusionAccessory collateral ligament caught at the bony prominence on the radial condyle of the metacarpal head is the most common cause of the MCP joint locking with extension lag. Close reduction is feasible, but recurrence of locking is possible. Surgical treatment is advised in the event of manipulation failure or recurrent locking.