ObjectiveTo understand the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) and summarize its relationship with gastric cancer.MethodThe published literatures on the studies of lncRNA CCAT1 function and its relationship with gastric cancer were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe lncRNA CCAT1 exerted the negative regulation on the genes by binding to microRNAs (miR) as a competitive endogenous RNA, mediating chromatin circulation between the c-MYC promoter and its upstream enhancer, and promoted the expression of c-MYC gene. The recent studies had found that the CCAT1 could bind to the miR-219-1 and miR-490, thereby promoting the progress of gastric cancer. The expression of lncRNA CCAT1 in the gastric cancer tissues increased, which was obviously different from that in the paracancer tissues and normal tissues. The high expression of lncRNA CCAT1 was related to the tumor size, lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage.ConclusionsThe specific mechanism, intracellular signal transduction pathway and interaction mechanism between CCAT1 and other molecules involved in the progress of gastric cancer still need to be further explored. With the in-depth study of lncRNA, especially CCAT1, it may provide a broader prospect for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer as a target of CCAT1.
ObjectiveTo understand the research progress of related biomarkers in early diagnosis of gastric cancer in recent years.MethodThe domestic and foregin literatures on studies of biomarkers of early diagnosis of gastric cancer in recent years were reviewed.ResultsAt present, the sensitivity and specificity of serum tumor biomarkers of gastric cancer such as CEA and CA19-9 were lower, so the molecular markers that could predict, screen, and diagnose gastric cancer in the early stage were further explored. The recent studies suggested that microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, exosome, etc. molecular markers in early diagnosis of gastric cancer had better prospects of clinilal application.ConclusionWith the continuous development of molecular biology technology, the values of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, DNA, etc. in early diagnosis of gastric cancer would be further explored.
Objective To summarize the latest research progress of tumor energy metabolism regulated by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Method Literatures about the recent studies on the bioenergetic metabolic mechanisms regulated by lncRNA in tumor cells were reviewed according to the results searched from PubMed database, Springer database, HighWire database, and so on. Results Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) was regarded as the most important characteristics of energy metabolism in tumor cells. lncRNA could regulate many key progressions involved energy metabolism in tumor cells, such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glutamine metabolism, resulting in accelerated uptake of glucose, decomposition of glutamine, and formation of lipid. Conclusions The functions and mechanisms of energy metabolism in tumor cells regulated by lncRNA are entirely unclear. The role of lncRNA played in cancer needs to be understood, which may contribute to new tumor biomarker detection and effective treatment strategies.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the regulation of malignant biological behavior of gallbladder cancer so as to provide references for its related research.MethodThe relevant literatures about studies of lncRNA in gallbladder cancer in recent years were reviewed.ResultsThe recent studies had shown that 19 lncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer had played the important roles in regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, “sponge” miRNAs, chemoresistance, and tumor metastasis. Among them, most lncRNAs tended to have carcinogenic properties, only a few had anticarcinogenic effect. Although the research suggested the mechanism and role of lncRNA to promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of gallbladder cancer, the current research on its mechanism was still limited. In addition, some lncRNAs were found to be specifically expressed in the serum of patients with gallbladder cancer, so which were expected to become biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis.ConclusionslncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer have carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic effect, or chemoresistance. They play potential roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and (or) treatment of tumors, but molecular mechanisms of their effects are still limited.
Objective The aim of this study is to review the association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Method The relevant literatures about lncRNA associated with PTC were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results The expression levels of noncoding RNA associated with MAP kinase pathway and growth arrest (NAMA), PTC susceptibility candidate 3 (PTCSC3), BRAF activated non-coding RNA (BANCR), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), NONHSAT037832, and GAS8-AS1 in PTC tissues were significantly lower than those in non-thyroid carcinoma tissues. The expression levels of ENST00000537266, ENST00000426615, XLOC051122, XLOC006074, HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in PTC tissues were upregulated in PTC tissues, comparing with the non-thyroid carcinoma tissues. These lncRNAs were possibly involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of PTC. Conclusion LncRNAs may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism and gene-targeted therapy of PTC and become new molecular marker for the diagnosis of PTC.
ObjectiveTo investigate relationship of long non-coding RNA FoxP4-AS1 expression with lymph node metastasis (LNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsReal time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of FoxP4-AS1 in 52 cases of PTC tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues, PTC cells (TPC-1, B-CPAP, K1), and normal thyroid follicular epithelial cells (Nthy-ori3-1). Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify the influencing factors of LNM in PTC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of influencing factors of LNM in PTC.ResultsThe expression level of FoxP4-AS1 in the PTC tissues was significantly decreased as compared with the corresponding adjacent tissues (t=7.898, P<0.001), which in the different cells had statistical difference (F=29.866, P<0.001): expression levels in the TPC-1 and K1 cells were lower than Nthy-ori3-1 cells (P<0.05) and in the B-CPAP cells and Nthy-ori3-1 cells had no statistical difference (P>0.05) by multiple comparisons. Univariate analysis showed that the extraglandular invasion (χ2=4.205, P=0.040)and low expression of FoxP4-AS1 (χ2=7.144, P=0.008) were the influencing factors of LNM in PTC. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that extraglandular invasion [OR=9.455, 95%CI (1.120, 79.835), P=0.039] and low expression ofFoxP4-AS1[OR=5.437, 95%CI (1.488, 19.873), P=0.010] were risk factors for LNM of PTC. The area under the ROC curve ofFoxP4-AS1,extraglandular invasion alone, and combination of the two were 0.679, 0.656, and 0.785, respectively.ConclusionsFoxP4-AS1 is down-regulated in PTC. Low level of FoxP4-AS1 is a risk factor for LNM of PTC. Combined detection of expression level of FoxP4-AS1 and extraglandular invasion has a high predictive value for LNM of PTC.
ObjectiveTo summarize the recent advances in the relationship between long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) and tumor autophagy, autophagy and drug resistance regulation.MethodsReviewed the relevant literatures at home and abroad, and reviewed the recent research progress of LncRNA regulation of autophagy to affect tumor resistance.ResultsDrug resistance was a common problem in the process of anti-tumor therapy. Autophagy played an important role in the process of tumor resistance as an important mechanism to maintain cell homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of LncRNA could contribute to the occurrence and development of tumors, and could also mediate the resistance of tumor cells to anti-tumor drugs by promoting or inhibiting autophagy.ConclusionsLncRNA can mediate tumor autophagy in a positive or negative direction, and autophagy is a " double-edged sword” for tumor resistance. LncRNA may improve tumor resistance to drugs by regulating autophagy.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of LOC103693069 on hypoxic apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods BMSCs from 1-week-old Sprague Dawley rat bone marrow were isolated, cultured, and passaged by the whole bone marrow adherent culture method. After identification of adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation, the 3rd generation cells were treated with hypoxia under 5%O2, 1%O2, and anaerobic conditions. After 48 hours, the cell viability, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related proteins [hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), Caspase-3, B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2)] expressions were detected, and normal BMSCs were used as controls. Based on the research results, the concentration group with the most obvious apoptosis was selected and used for subsequent experiments. After 48 hours of hypoxia treatment, BMSCs were taken and analyzed by gene chip and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) to screen the most significantly down-regulated gene and construct their high-expression, low-expression, and negative control lentiviruses; BMSCs were transfected with the different lentiviruses, respectively. After qRT-PCR detection confirmed that the transfection was successful, the BMSCs were treated with hypoxia for 48 hours to observe the cell viability and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. ResultsAfter cell viability, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related proteins were detected, cell apoptosis was the most significant under anaerobic conditions after 48 hours. The above indicators were significantly different from other groups (P<0.05), and this group was used for treatment conditions for subsequent experiments. Gene chip analysis showed that after 48 hours of hypoxia treatment, AC125847.1, LOC102547753, AABR07017208.2, and LOC103693069 were significantly down-regulated in BMSCs, and the expressions of LOC103693069 was the most significant down-regulation detected by qRT-PCR (P<0.05). It was selected to construct lentivirus and transfect BMSCs. Afterwards, qRT-PCR detection showed the successful transfection into the cells. After hypoxia treatment, the apoptosis rate and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins of BMSCs overexpressed by the gene were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion LOC103693069 can relieve the hypoxic apoptosis of BMSCs.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression level of long non-coding RNA Down’s syndrome critical region 8 (LncRNA DSCR8) in gastric cancer and its clinical significance.MethodsEighty-six patients with gastric cancer who were hospitalized in our hospital from August 2014 to August 2015 were selected as the research object. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and its adjacent tissues. The relationship between the expression level of LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA and the survival rate of patients, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic factors of gastric cancer.ResultsThe expression level of LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in the paracancerous tissues (P<0.001). The expression levels of LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA in patients with poorly differentiated, TNM Ⅲ–Ⅳ and lymph node metastasis were higher than those in patients with well/moderately differentiated, TNM Ⅰ–Ⅱ and no lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The 1, 3 and 5-year survival rate of patients with low LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA expression (97.62%, 92.86%, 83.33%, respectively) were higher than those of patients with high LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA expression (63.64%, 38.64%, 31.82%, respectively), P<0.05. LncRNA DSCR8 mRNA and TNM stage were independent risk factors of death in patients with gastric cancer (P<0.05).ConclusionsLncRNA DSCR8 is associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of gastric cancer. It may be an important molecular marker of tumor stage and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo summarize the regulatory effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage injury.MethodsThe molecular functions and mechanisms of lncRNA were introduced and its regulatory effects on the pathological processes of OA were elaborated by referring to the relevant literature at domestic and abroad in recent years.ResultsThe pathological characteristics of OA are degeneration of articular cartilage and inflammation of synovial tissue, but its etiology and pathological mechanism have not been clarified. lncRNA is a kind of heterogeneous non-coding RNA, which plays a regulatory role in many inflammation-related diseases and exerts a wide range of biological functions. lncRNA is a regulator involved in the pathogenesis of OA, and is abnormally expressed in OA cartilage, leading to the degeneration of the extracellular matrix of cartilage.ConclusionAt present, there have been preliminary studies on the pathological effects of lncRNA in regulating OA and the biological functions of chondrocytes. However, the pathogenesis of lncRNA and its regulatory network in OA and the way in which it regulates inflammatory pathways are still unclear, and further exploration is needed.