摘要:目的：探讨皮肤平滑肌肉瘤的临床病理特点和诊断要点及预后。方法:对2例皮肤平滑肌肉瘤组织病理学、免疫组化观察,并复习相关文献。结果: 例1为皮下平滑肌肉瘤,具有结节型的生长形态,瘤细胞丰富,异型性较大,核分裂活跃；例2为真皮平滑肌肉瘤,具有弥漫型的生长形态,瘤细胞较少,分化好,核分裂象不明显。免疫组化2例均表达SMA、MSA、Vim,1例灶性表达Desmin。2例随访迄今均无复发及转移。结论:皮肤平滑肌肉瘤少见,可分为真皮和皮下两种类型,两者具有不同的组织起源和预后特点,我们要注意区分,诊断除核分裂象计数外,尚需进行综合评估,对某些病例建议采用恶性潜能未定的平滑肌肉瘤的诊断,治疗首选外科手术切除。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinic pathological features diagnosis main point and prognosis of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma（CLMS）.Methods:Histopathology,immunohistochemical stainings observation were analyzed in two cases of CLMS and the related literatures were reviewed. Results:Case 1 was subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma with tubercular growth pattern,rich tumor cell,big heterogeneous type,active mitotic；Case 2 was dermis leiomyosarcoma with diffuse growth pattern,few tumor cell,well differentiated,no more mitotic. Immunohistochemically,the two cases reacted positively with smooth muscle action、MSA and Vim,Case 1 also expressed desman partially. The two cases were revisited to date,no recurrences and metastases.Conclusion:Cutaneous leiomyosar coma is a rare tumor,subdivided into dermis and subcutaneous forms because of their different tissue origins and prognosis features. We must discriminate between them. Diagnosis need synthetic appraisal besides mitotic counts and “smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential” should be used for diagnosis of certain cases.Primary treatment for cutaneous leiomyosarcoma is surgical excision.
摘要:目的: 探讨重度、极重度COPD急性加重期合并多MODS临床特征和预后有关的危险因素。 方法 :回顾分析1999～2009年因重度、极重度COPD急性期合并多器官功能障碍而住院的患者临床资料。 结果 :本研究共纳入226例患者,平均年龄为693±52岁。呼吸系统功能障碍发生率最高,有200例。其次是心血管功能障碍和中枢神经功能障碍,各102例。患者的病死率随着器官功能障碍的数目增加而增加。 结论 :治疗重度、极重度COPD急性加重时,在常规治疗基础的同时防治MODS是降低患者病死率的关键。Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical characters and risk factors that relevant to prognosis of severe or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)exacerbation combining with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS). Methods :The clinical data of patients who was admitted to hospital for exacerbation of severe or very severe COPD combing with MODS ｉｎ 1999 to 2009 were retrospective analyzed. Results : 226 cases were analyzed in this study, the mean age of patients was 693±52 The incidence of respiratory system dysfunction was highest, which was 200 cases, and followed by the incidence of cardiovascular dysfunction and central nervous system dysfunction, which was 102 respectively. The mortality of these patients increased with the increasing number of organ dysfunction. Conclusion : Pｒｅｖｅｎｔ ａｎｄ te at MODS on the basis of conventional treatment of severe or very severe COPD exacerbation is the key factor that could reduce mortality of these patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the role on adverse prognosis and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MethodsClinical data from hospitalized patients with COPD between January 2009 and June 2012 were studied retrospectively.AKI was diagnosed and classified by AKIN criterion. ResultsThree hundred and sixty-nine patients were enrolled,among whom 69(18.6%) were complicated with AKI.The patients with AKI were older,and had higher levels of hemoglobin,hematocrit value and sodium concentration,and higher rates of comorbidities of diabetes mellitus,proteinuria and shock,compared with the controls.Those with AKI had a 24.1% increased risk for ventilator,121.5% for intensive care,and 89.8% for death.And a higher AKI grade was related to a worse prognosis.The increased risk of AKI was 142.1% for every 5-year increase of age,155.7% for every 0.1 increase of hematocrit value,70.5% for every 0.1 increase of sodium concentration,and 49.1%,89.2%,148.2% and 685.7% for being complicated with proteinuria,coronary artery disease,diabetes mellitus and shock. ConclusionAKI is associated with adverse prognosis in hospitalized patients with COPD.Age,proteinuria,increased levels of hematocrit value and sodium concentration,and comorbidities of coronary artery disease,diabetes mellitus and shock are independent risk factors for AKI
ObjectiveTo explore the influence of treatment against syphilis on pregnancy outcome and neonatal prognosis. MethodsThe data of 5224 cases of pregnant women from January to December 2013 were analyzed. All the pregnant women were screened by toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) method. Then, T.pallidum passive partideag glutining assay (TPPA) was used to confirm those positive cases from TRUST. At last, 128 cases of syphilis in those pregnant women were confirmed. According to whether the pregnant women accepted antenatal examination and treatment, they were divided into treatment group and non-treatment group. The pregnancy outcome and neonatal prognosis of these two groups of women were then compared and analyzed. ResultsThe pregnancy outcome of these two groups had comparatively big difference, but without significant difference (χ2=3.34, P>0.05). The neonatal prognosis of the two groups was significantly different (χ2=9.14, P<0.05). Moreover, TPPA showed positive in all newborn infants, and TURST showed 85 positive cases. ConclusionEarly finding and treatment of pregnant women with syphilis by screening before pregnancy or during the early period of pregnancy can reduce abortion, stillbirth, fetal abnormalities, and the incidence of neonatal congenital syphilis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between admission serum potassium level and long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina. MethodsWe studied the data of 1 412 patients with unstable angina who received coronary angiography examinations and completed the follow-up between July 2008 and September 2012. Serum potassium level within the first 24 hours after admission was collected. According to the serum potassium level, the patients were divided into three groups:those with a serum potassium level lower than 3.5 mmol/L, those with a level between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L and those with a level higher than 5.0 mmol/L. Then, we analyzed the relationship between admission serum potassium level and long-term prognosis in patients with unstable angina. ResultsThere was a U-shaped relationship between admission serum potassium level and long-term mortality that persisted after multivariable adjustment in patients with unstable angina. The all-cause mortality risk was the lowest in the group of patients with a potassium level of 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L, whereas mortality was higher in patients with potassium level lower than 3.5 mmol/L and higher than 5.0 mmol/L [HR=1.89, 95%CI (1.13, 3.17), P=0.016; HR=1.64, 95%CI (0.40, 6.77), P=0.493]. Compared with patients with a serum potassium level between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L, the cardiovascular mortality risk was significantly higher in those patients with a potassium level lower than 3.5 mmol/L [HR=1.99, 95%CI (1.01, 3.94), P=0.048]. ConclusionThere is a U-shaped relationship between admission serum potassium level and long-term all-cause mortality rate, and the all-cause mortality rate and cardiovascular mortality risk was the lowest in patients with a potassium level between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L.
Abnormal activation of Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence of tumor, and T cell factor 4 (Tcf4) and β-catenin are important signal transmission factors of this pathway. The aim of the present study is to explore the significance and correlation between expression of Tcf4, β-catenin and secreted frizzled related protein 1(SFRP1), suppressor gene of Wnt signaling pathway, in colorectal carcinoma and their correlations to the clinicopathological factors. The expressions of Tcf4, β-catenin and SFRP1 were performed with immunohistochemistry staining in 97 cases of primary colorectal carcinoma and 40 cases of normal colorectal mucosa tissues. The results showed that the abnormal expression rates of Tcf4 and β-catenin in colorectal carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the control groups (P<0.01). The positive rate of SFRP1 was significantly lower than those in the control groups (P<0.01). The abnormal expression rates of Tcf4 and β-catenin were also related to the lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage (P<0.05). A significant correlation was found between the expressions of SFRP1 and Tcf4, β-catenin (P<0.05). Over-expression of Tcf4 and β-catenin was related to poor prognosis (P<0.05). But the survival rates of the group with SFRP1 expressions were higher than those in group without SFRP1 expressions (P<0.05). Cox multifactor regression analysis indicated that Dukes stage, expression of β-catenin and SFRP1 were independent risk factors of colorectal carcinoma (P<0.05). The results suggested that the abnormal expression of Tcf4 and β-catenin in colorectal cancer may be related to the reduced or absent expression of SFRP1. β-catenin accumulation in the nuclei formed complexes with Tcf4 is one of the important molecular switch maintaining colorectal malignant phenotype. The combined detection of these indexes may perform an important role in predicting the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer, and could provide new molecular targets for gene treatment of colorectal cancer.
Quantitatively analyzing hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) histopathology images is an emerging field attracting increasing attentions in recent years. This paper reviews the application of computer-aided image analysis in breast cancer prognosis. The traditional prognosis based on H&E histopathology image for breast cancer is firstly sketched, followed by a detailed description of the workflow of computer-aided prognosis including image acquisition, image preprocessing, regions of interest detection and object segmentation, feature extraction, and computer-aided prognosis. In the end, major technical challenges and future directions in this field are summarized.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of enteral nutrition support on postoperative nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients with upper digestive tract ulcer perforation. MethodsSeventy-twe patients with upper gastrointestinal ulcer perforation who treated in Heze Municipal Hospital from 2012 to 2014 were randomly divided into early enteral nutrition (EEN) group (n=36) and parenteral nutrition (TPN)group (n=36) according to their different ways of nutrition, the body weight, body mass index, the levels of prealbumin and albumin before operation and on day 7 ofter operation were analyzed. The time of resumption of gastrointestinal function, the time of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, and postoperative complication were recorded. ResultsThere were no significant differences on levels of body weight, body mass index, serum albumin, and prealbumin before operation between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). On day 7 after operation, the levels of body weight, body mass index, prealbumin, and albumin were significantly low in both groups, and the TPN group was decreased more than EEN group (P < 0.05). The inffect complications in EEN group was lower than in TPN group, the time of resumption of gastrointestinal function in EEN group was shorter than in TPN group, and the hospital stay and hospitalization cost in EEN group were both lower than in TPN group, there were significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). ConclusionsEarly postoperative enteral nutrition for the patients with upper gastrointestinal ulcer perforation after operation can be effective to improve the nutrition status, reduce the incidence of infectious complications, promote early recovery of gastrointestinal function, reduce hospitalization cost, and accelerate the rehabilitation of patients.
Objctive To explore the effect of positive lymph nodes ratio (LNR) on prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Clinical data of 432 NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery for lung cancer and systemic lymph node dissection in our hospital from January 2010-2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 316 males and 116 females with age of 39-84 (57.59±9.16) years. Among 432 patients, 229 (53.0%) were classified as N0 based on pathological staging of lymph nodes, 104 (24.1%) as N1 and 99 (22.9%) as N2. Kaplan-Meier curve and COX multi-factor regression model were used to evaluate the correlation between the clinical data and patients' survival. Results Five lymph nodes on average (range, 1-52) were removed in each patient. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the higher the staging of positive lymph nodes was, the shorter the patients' overall survival and disease-free survival were (P<0.001). Survival analysis showed that the LNR was closely associated with disease-free survival and overall survival (P<0.001). COX multivariate analysis revealed that the LNR staging was an independent risk factor of prognosis of NSCLC. Conclusion LNR is an independent prognostic factor of NSCLC, and can be used to improve lymph node staging in standards for NSCLC staging in the future.
Objective To summarize the treatment and prognosis of malignant tumors with hepatic metastasis. Methods Review and analysis of recent relevant literatures at home and abroad of malignant tumors with liver metastasis, according to the different treatments were summarized. Evaluation of the patients’ clinically curative effect and survival situation was performed under different treatments. Results With the development of imaging and surgical techniques, and deeply understanding of malignant tumor, many malignant tumors with liver metastasis could be found and treated, and previous concept of treatment for malignant tumors with liver metastasis was also fundamentally changed, and radical resection of the primary lesions and liver metastasis was the best way to get clinically curative effect for the patients with malignant tumors with liver metastasis. The treatments of malignant tumors with liver metastasis also included radio frequency ablation (RFA), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), chemotherapy,125I seed implantation, cryotherapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), gene targeting therapy, and so on. Conclusion Now for malignant tumors with liver metastasis, positive surgery and (or) individualized comprehensive treatment are taken more often, and they play positive role to prolong the survival and improve the prognosis of malignant tumors patients with liver metastasis.