Ferroptosis, as a new form of programmed cell death, affects the occurrence, progression and treatment of liver cancer. In this paper, the discovery, characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, inhibitors, inducers, and detection indicators of ferroptosis were systematically summarized and analyzed, and the effects of ferroptosis on the progression, metastasis, treatment, and prognosis of liver cancer were summarized. Finally, it was concluded that targeting ferroptosis is a promising treatment strategy for liver cancer.
Objective To review the research progress of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in skin wound healing. Methods The recent experiments and clinical studies on the role of ADSCs in skin wound healing were extensively retrieved and analyzed. Additionally, possible mechanisms and novel application strategies were proposed. Results As confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical studies, ADSCs promote skin wound healing mainly by two mechanisms: differentiation to target cells that participate in skin wound healing and cytokines paracrine to promote proliferation and migration of various cell lines that are mandatory to promote skin wound healing. Moreover, scaffold materials and cell sheet technology may further add to the potency of ADSCs in promoting skin wound healing. Conclusion Remarkable progress has been made in the application of ADSCs in skin wound healing. Further studies are needed to explore the application methods of ADSCs.
ObjectiveTo summarize the relationship between lateral femoral notch sign (LFNS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. MethodsThe relevant literature of LFNS at home and abroad in recent years was retrospectively reviewed, and its mechanism, diagnostic criteria and influencing factors in diagnosis of ACL rupture were summarized and analyzed.ResultsThe LFNS is associated with rotational stability of the knee. As an indirect sign of ACL rupture, the LFNS has high clinical diagnostic value, especially the diagnosis of ACL rupture with lateral meniscus injury.ConclusionThe diagnostic criteria and influencing factors of LFNS in diagnosis of ACL rupture are still unclear and controversial, which needs further study.
Objective To review the research progress of the role of periosteum in distraction osteogenesis. Methods The related domestic and foreign literature about the role of periosteum in distraction osteogenesis in recent years was extensively reviewed, summarized, and the mechanism and influencing factors of periosteum during traction and osteogenesis were analyzed. Results The periosteum is rich in all kinds of cells (mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, etc.), microvessel and various growth factors, which are necessary for the formation of new bone. It can promote the formation of new bone in the process of traction osteogenesis significantly. Conclusion The periosteum plays an important role in the progress of distraction osteogenesis.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of tibial transverse transport in the treatment of diabetic foot.MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature on the tibial transverse transport for diabetic foot in recent years was summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of the technique were analyzed.ResultsThe tibial transverse transport was an innovation based on Ilizarov technique. At present, the treatment of diabetic foot by the tibial transverse transport is in the initial stage and has achieved good results, but there are also problems such as ulcer recurrence and re-fracture. And its biological mechanism to promote tissue regeneration, clinical technical points (such as the selection of incision and bone window size), the technical parameters of postoperative removal program, and the postoperative effectiveness are still in dispute and exploration. More clinical studies and practices are needed in the future to develop a standard protocol for this technique.ConclusionTibial transverse transport is a hot spot for microcirculation reconstruction of lower extremity. Significant progress has been made in the treatment of diabetic foot, which provides a new direction for limb salvage treatment. However, the technique is not mature, there are still many disputes and difficulties to be further studied clearly.
ObjectiveTo summarize the new biomarkers of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and their research progress, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DVT. MethodThe literature about biomarkers of DVT in recent 5 years was reviewed and summarized. ResultsAccording to the results of literature review, a variety of common DVT biomarkers such as serum microrna, fibrin monomer, neutrophil capture net, and E-selectin were sorted out, but most of them had not been used in clinical DVT management. At present, the clinical diagnosis of DVT required the combination of positive D-dimer test and positive imaging examination, and there was no single biomarker for the diagnosis of DVT. ConclusionsBiomarkers are valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of DVT, but their sensitivity and specificity need to be optimized. Therefore, finding biomarkers with more diagnostic value is one of the future directions. At the same time, we also can consider fully combined with a variety of existing biomarkers, to improve the efficiency to the diagnosis of DVT.
Objective To summarize the research progress of transanal endoscopic microsurgery in the treatment of rectal tumors. Method The literatures on transanal endoscopic treatment of rectal tumors was collected and reviewed. ResultsTransanal endoscopic microsurgery was one of the local resection methods. It was a minimally invasive surgery combining laparoscopy and endoscopy. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery equipment was mainly composed of special rectal mirror lens and high-pressure pneumoperitoneum machine. After full-thickness resection of the lesion, the defect was sutured under endoscopy, so as to avoid serious postoperative complications caused by radical surgery. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery was suitable for T1 stage rectal cancer with benign lesions such as rectal adenoma and rectal polyps and no lymph node metastasis. There was still some controversy about the treatment of higher-grade rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with transanal endoscopic microsurgery is being actively carried out in the treatment of rectal cancer. Conclusions Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a safe and effective method for some rectal tumors. It has the characteristics of low perioperative complication rate, fast postoperative recovery and low recurrence rate.
Objective To summarize the latest research progress on the relationship between cN0 multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) at home and abroad, so as to provide a reference for surgeons to balance the benefits and risks of surgery and select the best treatment plan. Method The latest studies on the relationship between CLNM and tumor characteristics of cN0 multifocal PTMC (including number of tumor foci, total tumor diameter, primary tumor diameter, total tumor surface area, etc.) were reviewed. Results Current domestic and international guidelines differ on whether cN0 PTMC should be used to prevent central lymph node dissection (pCLND). Proponents believe that pCLND could reduce the recurrence rate of disease and facilitate postoperative risk stratification and management under the premise of technical support. Opponents argue that it was not clear whether pCLND actually improves the prognosis of PTMC patients, but postoperative complications do correlate with pCLND. In order to guide the application of pCLND in the surgical treatment of cN0 PTMC, a large number of studies had reported the risk factors of CLNM in PTMC in recent years, among which multifocal was considered to be a very important risk factor for CLNM. In order to further understand the internal relationship between multifocal PTMC and CLNM, scholars at home and abroad quantified the feature of multifocal PTMC into various parameters, and studied the relationship between them and CLNM in multiple dimensions. It was found that total tumor diameter >1 cm, increased tumor number, total tumor surface area >3.14 cm2, diameter ratio <0.56, tumor volume >90 mm3 and bilateral multifocal PTMC might be the risk factors for increased CLNM risk in patients with cN0 multifocal PTMC. Conclusion These screened parameters are initially considered to be effective tools for predicting the risk of CLNM in multifocal PTMC. Multiple risk parameters coexist, especially in patients with multifocal PTMC characterized by bilateral intralar multifocal PTMC, who are expected to benefit more from pCLND. However, a large number of clinical studies are still needed to provide reliable evidence-based evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the future, by combining these valuable parameters, a scoring system can be constructed to predict the disease status of multifocal PTMC more accurately and identify patients with necessary pCLND, which will be of great significance for the appropriate treatment of PTMC.
Objective To review the advances in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in adolescents at home and abroad. Methods Recent literature about double-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents at home and abroad was extensively consulted, and the relationship between bone canal and epiphyseal plate, clinical verification of surgical safety, and clinical effectiveness of double-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents were summarized and analyzed. Results Double-bundle ACL reconstruction has certain advantages in clinical stability and re-rupture rate when compared with single-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents, and there is no significant difference in safety between them. Conclusion Double-bundle ACL reconstruction in adolescents can achieve lower re-rupture rate and better stability when compared with single-bundle reconstruction. However, the sample size of clinical research is too small, and the follow-up time is too short, so the effectiveness needs to be continuously observed.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical application and research progress in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).MethodsThe literature related to UKA in recent years was reviewed and the emerging indications, implant options, comparisons between other surgical techniques, and recent advances were summarized.ResultsClinical studies show that UKA has many advantages, such as less trauma, faster recovery, and fewer postoperative complications. At present, the operative indication has been expanded. The body mass index more than 25 kg/m2, less than 60 years old, patellofemoral arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament dysfunction are no longer considered as contraindications. The prosthesis type in UKA should be selected according to the patient’s condition. In recent years, the robot-assisted UKA can effectively improve the effectiveness, improve patient satisfaction, and reduce postoperative complications.ConclusionWith the development of surgical techniques, designs of prosthesis, and the robotic technology, UKA would be further applicated. As more long-term data on UKA become available, it will further guide clinicians in counseling patients on whether UKA should be performed.