Research advances in three-dimensional bioprinted wound dressings_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

SHI Chenghai , LEI Changbin , HE Lingxiao ,  LIAO Dengbin

Department of Trauma Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIAO Dengbin, Email: jiuyou2003@163.com

Keywords：

Three-dimensional bioprinting technology; wound dressings; research progress

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202506040

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the research progress of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology for wound dressing design and preparation. Methods The literature on 3D bioprinted wound dressings in recent years, both domestically and internationally, was retrieved. The core principles of 3D bioprinting technology, mainstream methods, and their applications in wound dressings design and preparation were summarized. Results By leveraging precise spatial manipulation capabilities and multi-material integration, 3D bioprinting technology constructs the functionalized wound dressings with complex structures and bioactivity. These dressings primarily function across several dimensions: wound hemostasis, infection control, controlled drug release, and monitoring wound healing. Conclusion Although 3D bioprinted wound dressings can promote wound healing through multiple dimensions, large-scale clinical validation is still lacking. Future efforts should further clarify their clinical value and scope of application to provide more efficient, precise, and patient-comfortable treatment options for refractory wounds.

1.	Farahani M, Shafiee A. Wound healing: From passive to smart dressings. Adv Healthc Mater, 2021, 10(16): e2100477. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202100477.
2.	Wang X, Wang Y, Teng Y, et al. 3D bioprinting: opportunities for wound dressing development. Biomed Mater, 2023, 18(5). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ace228.
3.	Jin Z, Zhang Z, Shao X, et al. Monitoring anomalies in 3D bioprinting with deep neural networks. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2023, 9(7): 3945-3952.
4.	陈小雷, 胡浩磊, 李谊, 等. 3D生物打印技术在耳廓修复重建中的应用研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2024, 38(6): 763-768.
5.	Assad H, Assad A, Kumar A. Recent developments in 3D bio-printing and its biomedical applications. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(1): 255. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010255.
6.	Maharjan S, Ma C, Singh B, et al. Advanced 3D imaging and organoid bioprinting for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2024, 208: 115237. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115237.
7.	Huang G, Zhao Y, Chen D, et al. Applications, advancements, and challenges of 3D bioprinting in organ transplantation. Biomater Sci, 2024, 12(6): 1425-1448.
8.	Naghieh S, Chen X. Printability-A key issue in extrusion-based bioprinting. J Pharm Anal, 2021, 11(5): 564-579.
9.	Cheptsov V, Zhigarkov V, Maximova I, et al. Laser-assisted bioprinting of microorganisms with hydrogel microdroplets: peculiarities of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota yeast transfer. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2022, 39(1): 29. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03478-z.
10.	Li X, Liu B, Pei B, et al. Inkjet bioprinting of biomaterials. Chem Rev, 2020, 120(19): 10793-10833.
11.	Kumar H, Sakthivel K, Mohamed MGA, et al. Designing gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks for visible light stereolithographic 3D biofabrication. Macromol Biosci, 2021, 21(1): e2000317. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202000317.
12.	Lai J, Liu Y, Lu G, et al. 4D bioprinting of programmed dynamic tissues. Bioact Mater, 2024, 37: 348-377.
13.	Mondschein RJ, Kanitkar A, Williams CB, et al. Polymer structure-property requirements for stereolithographic 3D printing of soft tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials, 2017, 140: 170-188.
14.	Ashammakhi N, Hasan A, Kaarela O, et al. Advancing frontiers in bone bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater, 2019, 8(7): e1801048. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201801048.
15.	Vijayavenkataraman S, Yan WC, Lu WF, et al. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2018, 132: 296-332.
16.	Zhou X, Yu X, You T, et al. 3D printing-based hydrogel dressings for wound healing. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2024, 11(47): e2404580. doi: 10.1002/advs.202404580.
17.	Bittner SM, Guo JL, Melchiorri A, et al. Three-dimensional printing of multilayered tissue engineering scaffolds. Mater Today (Kidlington), 2018, 21(8): 861-874.
18.	Derakhshanfar S, Mbeleck R, Xu K, et al. 3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: A review of recent trends and advances. Bioact Mater, 2018, 3(2): 144-156.
19.	Han W, Zhou B, Yang K, et al. Biofilm-inspired adhesive and antibacterial hydrogel with tough tissue integration performance for sealing hemostasis and wound healing. Bioact Mater, 2020, 5(4): 768-778.
20.	Yang X, Shi N, Liu J, et al. 3D printed hybrid aerogel gauzes enable highly efficient hemostasis. Adv Healthc Mater, 2023, 12(1): e2201591. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202201591.
21.	Wei Q, Xu W, Liu M, etal. Viscosity-controlled printing of supramolecular-polymeric hydrogels via dual-enzyme catalysis. J Mater Chem B, 2016, 4(38): 6302-6306.
22.	Zhou M, Yuan T, Shang L. 3D printing of naturally derived adhesive hemostatic sponge. Research (Wash D C), 2024, 7: 0446. doi: 10.34133/research.0446.
23.	Dong T, Hu J, Dong Y, et al. Advanced biomedical and electronic dual-function skin patch created through microfluidic-regulated 3D bioprinting. Bioact Mater, 2024, 40: 261-274.
24.	徐娜婷, 倪雪君, 王彪. 脂肪来源干细胞治疗糖尿病足溃疡的研究进展. 中华整形外科杂志, 2025, 41(7): 766-771.
25.	Yastı AÇ, Akgun AE, Surel AA, et al. Graft of 3D bioprinted autologous minimally manipulated homologous adipose tissue for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Wounds, 2023, 35(1): E22-E28.
26.	Kesavan R, Sheela Sasikumar C, Narayanamurthy VB, et al. Management of diabetic foot ulcer with MA-ECM (minimally manipulated autologous extracellular matrix) using 3D bioprinting technology—An innovative approach. Int J Low Extrem Wounds, 2024, 23(1): 161-168.
27.	Bajuri MY, Kim J, Yu Y, et al. New paradigm in diabetic foot ulcer grafting techniques using 3D-Bioprinted autologous minimally manipulated homologous adipose tissue (3D-AMHAT) with fibrin gel acting as a biodegradable scaffold. Gels, 2023, 9(1): 66. doi: 10.3390/gels9010066.
28.	Nizioł M, Paleczny J, Junka A, et al. 3D printing of thermoresponsive hydrogel laden with an antimicrobial agent towards wound healing applications. Bioengineering (Basel), 2021, 8(6): 79. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8060079.
29.	Liu H, Mei H, Jiang H, et al. Bioprinted symbiotic dressings: A lichen-inspired approach to diabetic wound healing with enhanced bioactivity and structural integrity. Small, 2024, 11: e2407105. doi: 10.1002/smll.202407105.
30.	Zhao H, Xu J, Yuan H, et al. 3D printing of artificial skin patches with bioactive and optically active polymer materials for anti-infection and augmenting wound repair. Mater Horiz, 2022, 9(1): 342-349.
31.	Qiao M, Cheng B, Wu W, et al. Elastic sac-shaped hydrogel dressing with responsive antibacterial and pro-healing in movable wounds via MOF activated ink spraying. Biomaterials, 2025, 321: 123318. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123318.
32.	Teoh JH, Abdul Shakoor FT, Wang CH. 3D printing methyl cellulose hydrogel wound dressings with parameter exploration via computational fluid dynamics simulation. Pharm Res, 2022, 39(2): 281-294.
33.	Fratini C, Weaver E, Moroni S, et al. Combining microfluidics and coaxial 3D-bioprinting for the manufacturing of diabetic wound healing dressings. Biomater Adv, 2023, 153: 213557. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213557.
34.	Cleetus CM, Alvarez Primo F, Fregoso G, et al. Alginate hydrogels with embedded ZnO nanoparticles for wound healing therapy. Int J Nanomedicine, 2020, 15: 5097-5111.
35.	Alizadehgiashi M, Nemr CR, Chekini M, et al. Multifunctional 3D-printed wound dressings. ACS Nano, 2021, 15(7): 12375-12387.
36.	Liu X, Zhao P, Wu X, et al. Negative pressure smart patch to sense and heal the wound. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(3): e2408077. doi: 10.1002/advs.202408077.

1. Farahani M, Shafiee A. Wound healing: From passive to smart dressings. Adv Healthc Mater, 2021, 10(16): e2100477. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202100477.
2. Wang X, Wang Y, Teng Y, et al. 3D bioprinting: opportunities for wound dressing development. Biomed Mater, 2023, 18(5). doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/ace228.
3. Jin Z, Zhang Z, Shao X, et al. Monitoring anomalies in 3D bioprinting with deep neural networks. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2023, 9(7): 3945-3952.
4. 陈小雷, 胡浩磊, 李谊, 等. 3D生物打印技术在耳廓修复重建中的应用研究进展. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2024, 38(6): 763-768.
5. Assad H, Assad A, Kumar A. Recent developments in 3D bio-printing and its biomedical applications. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(1): 255. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010255.
6. Maharjan S, Ma C, Singh B, et al. Advanced 3D imaging and organoid bioprinting for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2024, 208: 115237. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115237.
7. Huang G, Zhao Y, Chen D, et al. Applications, advancements, and challenges of 3D bioprinting in organ transplantation. Biomater Sci, 2024, 12(6): 1425-1448.
8. Naghieh S, Chen X. Printability-A key issue in extrusion-based bioprinting. J Pharm Anal, 2021, 11(5): 564-579.
9. Cheptsov V, Zhigarkov V, Maximova I, et al. Laser-assisted bioprinting of microorganisms with hydrogel microdroplets: peculiarities of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota yeast transfer. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2022, 39(1): 29. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03478-z.
10. Li X, Liu B, Pei B, et al. Inkjet bioprinting of biomaterials. Chem Rev, 2020, 120(19): 10793-10833.
11. Kumar H, Sakthivel K, Mohamed MGA, et al. Designing gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks for visible light stereolithographic 3D biofabrication. Macromol Biosci, 2021, 21(1): e2000317. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202000317.
12. Lai J, Liu Y, Lu G, et al. 4D bioprinting of programmed dynamic tissues. Bioact Mater, 2024, 37: 348-377.
13. Mondschein RJ, Kanitkar A, Williams CB, et al. Polymer structure-property requirements for stereolithographic 3D printing of soft tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials, 2017, 140: 170-188.
14. Ashammakhi N, Hasan A, Kaarela O, et al. Advancing frontiers in bone bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater, 2019, 8(7): e1801048. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201801048.
15. Vijayavenkataraman S, Yan WC, Lu WF, et al. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2018, 132: 296-332.
16. Zhou X, Yu X, You T, et al. 3D printing-based hydrogel dressings for wound healing. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2024, 11(47): e2404580. doi: 10.1002/advs.202404580.
17. Bittner SM, Guo JL, Melchiorri A, et al. Three-dimensional printing of multilayered tissue engineering scaffolds. Mater Today (Kidlington), 2018, 21(8): 861-874.
18. Derakhshanfar S, Mbeleck R, Xu K, et al. 3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: A review of recent trends and advances. Bioact Mater, 2018, 3(2): 144-156.
19. Han W, Zhou B, Yang K, et al. Biofilm-inspired adhesive and antibacterial hydrogel with tough tissue integration performance for sealing hemostasis and wound healing. Bioact Mater, 2020, 5(4): 768-778.
20. Yang X, Shi N, Liu J, et al. 3D printed hybrid aerogel gauzes enable highly efficient hemostasis. Adv Healthc Mater, 2023, 12(1): e2201591. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202201591.
21. Wei Q, Xu W, Liu M, etal. Viscosity-controlled printing of supramolecular-polymeric hydrogels via dual-enzyme catalysis. J Mater Chem B, 2016, 4(38): 6302-6306.
22. Zhou M, Yuan T, Shang L. 3D printing of naturally derived adhesive hemostatic sponge. Research (Wash D C), 2024, 7: 0446. doi: 10.34133/research.0446.
23. Dong T, Hu J, Dong Y, et al. Advanced biomedical and electronic dual-function skin patch created through microfluidic-regulated 3D bioprinting. Bioact Mater, 2024, 40: 261-274.
24. 徐娜婷, 倪雪君, 王彪. 脂肪来源干细胞治疗糖尿病足溃疡的研究进展. 中华整形外科杂志, 2025, 41(7): 766-771.
25. Yastı AÇ, Akgun AE, Surel AA, et al. Graft of 3D bioprinted autologous minimally manipulated homologous adipose tissue for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Wounds, 2023, 35(1): E22-E28.
26. Kesavan R, Sheela Sasikumar C, Narayanamurthy VB, et al. Management of diabetic foot ulcer with MA-ECM (minimally manipulated autologous extracellular matrix) using 3D bioprinting technology—An innovative approach. Int J Low Extrem Wounds, 2024, 23(1): 161-168.
27. Bajuri MY, Kim J, Yu Y, et al. New paradigm in diabetic foot ulcer grafting techniques using 3D-Bioprinted autologous minimally manipulated homologous adipose tissue (3D-AMHAT) with fibrin gel acting as a biodegradable scaffold. Gels, 2023, 9(1): 66. doi: 10.3390/gels9010066.
28. Nizioł M, Paleczny J, Junka A, et al. 3D printing of thermoresponsive hydrogel laden with an antimicrobial agent towards wound healing applications. Bioengineering (Basel), 2021, 8(6): 79. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8060079.
29. Liu H, Mei H, Jiang H, et al. Bioprinted symbiotic dressings: A lichen-inspired approach to diabetic wound healing with enhanced bioactivity and structural integrity. Small, 2024, 11: e2407105. doi: 10.1002/smll.202407105.
30. Zhao H, Xu J, Yuan H, et al. 3D printing of artificial skin patches with bioactive and optically active polymer materials for anti-infection and augmenting wound repair. Mater Horiz, 2022, 9(1): 342-349.
31. Qiao M, Cheng B, Wu W, et al. Elastic sac-shaped hydrogel dressing with responsive antibacterial and pro-healing in movable wounds via MOF activated ink spraying. Biomaterials, 2025, 321: 123318. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123318.
32. Teoh JH, Abdul Shakoor FT, Wang CH. 3D printing methyl cellulose hydrogel wound dressings with parameter exploration via computational fluid dynamics simulation. Pharm Res, 2022, 39(2): 281-294.
33. Fratini C, Weaver E, Moroni S, et al. Combining microfluidics and coaxial 3D-bioprinting for the manufacturing of diabetic wound healing dressings. Biomater Adv, 2023, 153: 213557. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213557.
34. Cleetus CM, Alvarez Primo F, Fregoso G, et al. Alginate hydrogels with embedded ZnO nanoparticles for wound healing therapy. Int J Nanomedicine, 2020, 15: 5097-5111.
35. Alizadehgiashi M, Nemr CR, Chekini M, et al. Multifunctional 3D-printed wound dressings. ACS Nano, 2021, 15(7): 12375-12387.
36. Liu X, Zhao P, Wu X, et al. Negative pressure smart patch to sense and heal the wound. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(3): e2408077. doi: 10.1002/advs.202408077.

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