Objective To investigate the correlation between the plasma endothelin (ET) and gastric mucosal pathology.MethodsIn this experiment,seven dogs who experienced common bileduct ligation were in experiment group, the other three dogs who underwent shamoperation were control group. By using specific radio immunological method, the plasma ET levels were determined in dogs before and after 1,4,7 d. The total bilirubin levels were determined before and after 1,4,7 d after operation by using carbazotic acid method.The gastric mucosa,7 d after operation, was cut into slices and was examined under the electron microscope and the light microscope.Results In the experiment group,the levels of ET and total bilirubin rose continually and were higher than those in control group. Vascular congestion and oedema were seen in gastric mucosa of common bileduct ligated dogs. Under the electron microscope, we could see the dilated blood capillary and sludging of blood,the intenstitial mucusa cells oedema. Conclusion The increase of plasma ET might lead to impairment of mucosal microcirculation,which might be one of the pathogens that could induce the gastric mucosal damages in common bileduct ligated dogs.
Objective To study the effects of endothelin (ET) on acute pancreatitis in rats. Methods The acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) and hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis (AHNP) model of rats were induced by cerulein and dextran-110 and endothelin-1 was administered on AEP rats via intravenous injection. Serum amylase, plasma ET and 6-Keto-PGF1α, pancreas hostologic observation were determined. Results The serum concentration of amylase increased markedly in AHNP rats, and there was a significant difference between AHNP and AEP (Ｐ＜0.01). A dose of extrinsic ET-1 may induce the conversion of AEP to AHNP in rats. The degree of pancreatic damage correlates positively with the level of the plasma ET. Conclusion Endothelin might take part in the development of acute pancreatitis, and play a key role in the conversion of AEP to AHNP.
ObjectiveTo investigate the change of renal endothelin (ET) excretion and its relation to renal dysfunctions in obstructive jaundice.MethodsSixty male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, the common bile ducts were ligated to establish the model of obstructive jaundice in experimental group, and only sham operation was done in control group. Ten rats were taken from each group at 5, 10 and 15 days respectively after operation, renal functions were evaluated by paminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH), inulin clearance (CIN) and fractional sodium excretion (FENa+); furthermore, plasma endotoxin (EX) level was determined, and ET1 contents in renal arterial plasma, renal venous plasma and renal tissue were detected. ResultsOnly FENa+ was significantly increased at the 5th day in experimental group; since the 10th day, all the three renal functional parameters gradually decreased, and FENa+ was significantly lower than that in control group at 15th day (P＜0.01 vs control). ②The plasma EX sustained at significantly higher levels after operation in experimental group (P＜0.01 vs control). ③The renal arterial plasma ET1 was significantly decreased, while the contents in renal venous plasma and renal tissue were significantly increased after operation in experimental group (P＜0.01 vs control). ④There were positive correlation between plasma EX and renal ET1 content, negative correlation between renal ET1 content and CPAH/CIN, and positive correlation between renal ET1 content and FENa+ (P＜0.01).ConclusionThe increased excretion of renal ET stimulated by endotoxemia may play an important role in the renal dysfunctions in obstructive jaundice.
Objective To research the changes in plasma endothelin, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and non-obstructive jaundice (NOJ) after surgery. Methods The plasma ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in 15 patients without jaundice as controls. Results As compared with NOJ, the postoperative changes of ET, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in OJ group increased significantly at multiple time points (P＜0.05). Conclusion There is interaction between ET,LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and damage to multiple organ function in patients with OJ after surgery.
Objective To evaluate the relationship between endothelin (ET) in bile and peripheral blood with systemic and hepatobiliary injury in patients with acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST). Methods ET, ALT and total bilirubin in bile and peripheral veinous blood of 25 patients with acute cholangitis of severe type (ACST) were detected during operation, one week and two weeks after operation. Results The contents of ET, ALT and total bilirubin were significantly lower on 7-day and 14-day after operations as compared with that during operations (Ｐ＜0.05 and Ｐ＜0.01). The concentration of ET in peripheral veinous blood paralleled with that in bile. Conclusion This suggests that ET is tightly related with the pathologic process of ACST. So, in patients with ACST, the dynamic measurement of ET in peripheral veinous blood can be an index for judging the degree of pathological damage either to the hepatobiliary or systemic systems.
【摘要】目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)时胰腺组织的诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、内皮素（ET1） mRNA表达状态, 以及与血浆中NO、ET1浓度和肠道损伤的关系及丹参治疗的影响。方法Wistar大鼠45只随机分为3组:SAP模型组(A组),SAP丹参治疗组(B组),假手术 组(C组),进行不同治疗和观察分析。结果A组血中淀粉酶(AML)、ET1、NO、内毒素(LPS)含量、125 I白蛋白累积指数及腹水量均显著高于C组(Plt;0.01);与A组比较,B组胰腺ET1和iNOS mRNA表达较弱,血中AML、ET1、NO、LPS及腹水量显著下降(Plt;0.01),125 I白蛋白累积指数较A组也有下降,但无差异(Pgt;0.05)。结论SAP时存在肠道损伤,胰腺组织ET1、iNOS mRNA的过度表达,使血中ET1、NO浓度升高,造成肠道屏障功能受损,肠通透性增加,引起内毒素血症。丹参注射液通过减轻SAP时胰腺的病理损害程度,下调胰腺ET1和iNOS mRNA的表达,使血中ET1、NO浓度下降,对SAP及其肠道损伤有一定治疗作用。
In order to study effect of endothelin (ET-1) on hepatic blood flow in rats and effect of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) on ET-1 biological function, 20 rats were randomized into control, ET-1, ET-1 plus nitric-Larginine, ET-1 plus prostacyclin and indomethen groups. The result showed that ET-1 decreased hepatic blood flow and lasted for longer time. NO and PGI2 may antagonize the biological action of ET-1 during endotoxemia. Therefore, the endothelium-derived vascular factors may regulate hepatic blood flow.
This prospective animal study was designed to investigate the changes of plasma endothelin (ET) levels in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly devided into 3 groups: acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) group in which ANP was induced by infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate (STC) into biliopancreatic duct, sham operation (SO) group and platelet activating factor antagonist BN50739 (BN) group. Blood levels of ET and platelet activating factor (PAF) were detected. Pancreatic microcirculatory blood flow was measured and pancreatic histological scores were evaluated. Results showed that the pancreatic microcirculatory blood flow in ANP group was decreased to a great extent immediatly after induction of ANP and soon began to rise slowly for 3 hours and again decreased steadily after that. The blood levels of ET, PAF and histological scores in ANP group were significantly higher than those in SO group. In BN group, the blood flow was significantly improved and the levels of blood ET, PAF and histological scores were all significantly lower as compared to those in ANP group. It is concluded that ischemia/ reperfusion is present in the initiation of acute necrotizing pancreatitis induced by STC in the rat. This leads to injuries of endothelial cells and increase in the production of ET and PAF. I/R lesions,and interaction of ET and PAF lead to a vicious circle, thus augmenting the pathological changes in the pancreas.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of endothelin receptor antagonist on recent outcome of patients undergoing Fontan surgery. MethodsThirty nine patients who received Fontan procedure from January 2009 to December 2010 in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital were recruited in the study. There were 25 males and 14 females with mean age of 8.02±4.98 years (ranged from 2.5 to 18.0 years). According to the admission number, the patients were randomly divided into an endothelin receptor antagonists group (bosentan group, n=16) and a control group (n=23). The bosentan group received bosentan treatment by gastric fill or oral according to the recommended dose in three days after surgery for over 7 days. The control group did not receive any pulmonary hypertension targeted therapy. On the 10th day after surgery, indexes including mortality etc in the two groups were compared. ResultsNo death occurred in the bosentan group. One patient died on the 5th day after operation in the control group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative mortality. The patients in the bosentan group got significantly better results than the control group in cardiac function, incidence of pleural effusion, vasoactive drugs score, and serum B-type natriuretic peptide, albumin, alanine aminotransferase on the 10th day (P < 0.05); while the 6-minute walk distance, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine of the two groups showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). ConclusionEndothelin receptor antagonists can improve the short-term outcome of patients after Fontan surgery.