Objective To summarize the significance of CYP3A5 in individualized immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus (FK506) after liver transplantation. Methods Relevant literatures about the effect of CYP3A5 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients, which were published recently domestic and abroad, were reviewed and analyzed. Results Tacrolimus was used effectively to prevent allograft rejection after liver transplantation. Narrow therapeutic range and individual variation in pharmacokinetics made it difficultly to establish a fixed dosage for all patients. Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolizing enzymes and in transporters influenced the plasma concentration of tacrolimus. CYP3A5 genotype had an effect on the tacrolimus dose requirement in liver transplant recipients.Conclusion Genotyping for CYP3A5 may help optimal individualization of immunosuppressive drug therapy for patients undergoing liver transplantation
Objective To summarize the advancement of ABO-incompatible liver transplantation. Methods Relevant literatures about ABO-incompatible liver transplantation, which were published recently domestic and abroad were reviewed and analyzed. Results Owing to various treatments recent years, outcomes of ABO-incompatible liver transplantation have been improved dramatically. Conclusion With effective immnosuppressive protocols and effective perioperative management, ABO-incompatible liver transplantation is feasible.
目的总结胆囊切除术致医源性胆管损伤的原因、诊断、治疗及预防的经验。方法回顾性分析昆明市第一人民医院2006年5月至2011年5月期间经治的17例胆囊切除术致医源性胆管损伤患者的临床资料。结果损伤部位包括隆突2例,肝总管3例,胆囊管汇入胆总管部7例,胆总管4例,副肝管1例。1例一期术中端端吻合,2例一期吻合并留置T管支撑,1例行胆囊管结扎,2例内镜下留置鼻胆管引流,4例术后内镜下留置胆管支架,6例术后行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合,1例行脱细胞基质材料修补。随访0.3~5年,平均2.3年,效果良好16例,1例反复发生胆管炎。结论医源性胆管损伤重在预防,精细解剖胆囊三角、严格遵循“确认-剪断-确认”三步骤是防止医源性胆管损伤的关键; 及时发现和正确的处理方法是降低其死亡率及改善预后的关键。
目的比较腹腔镜下胆总管探查一期缝合与T管引流治疗肝外胆管结石的效果,总结腹腔镜下胆总管探查一期缝合的临床经验。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月期间于中国人民解放军总医院施行腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石的121例肝外胆管结石患者的临床资料,比较一期缝合组(n=63)与T管引流组(n=58)的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、胆瘘发生率、胆总管狭窄发生率及结石复发率。 结果2组患者均顺利完成腹腔镜手术。术后一期缝合组发生胆瘘3例,T管引流组发生1例。2组患者的术中出血量和胆瘘发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但T管引流组的手术时间和术后住院时间均较长(P=0.000)。术后所有患者获访4~36个月,平均12个月。随访期间均无复发、胆总管狭窄及死亡发生。 结论腹腔镜下胆总管探查一期缝合治疗肝外胆管结石安全而有效,并且避免了术后T管的护理,有望成为处理肝外胆管结石的主流术式。
目的探讨肝血管瘤切除术中血流阻断方法的选择。方法回顾性分析我院收治的19例肝血管瘤患者的手术方式。结果全组均行手术切除,术中出血50~1 500 ml(平均312 ml)。 术中根据血管瘤所在位置选择不同肝血流阻断方法,其中行半肝血流阻断4例,运用Glisson蒂横断式肝切除术或其分段原理阻断Glisson系统分支6例,间断阻断第一肝门7例,预置肝上、下下腔静脉和第一肝门阻断带并间断阻断第一肝门2例。 术后5例并发右侧胸腔积液,均经保守治疗后好转,手术并发症发生率为26.3%(5/19)。 术后住院7~41 d(平均16.9 d),均治愈出院。12例患者获随访,随访0.3~2年(平均1.1年),术前有症状的8例患者症状均消失,无复发,1例残留肝内血管瘤(直径lt;2 cm)。结论肝血管瘤患者肝切除术中的入肝血流阻断应强调个体化,根据肿瘤位置及大小选择不同的阻断方法,使患者术中出血少,术后恢复快。