目的 探讨子宫内膜癌中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和p53的表达及其临床意义。 方法 1994年1月-2009年11月，应用免疫组织化学Envision法检测52例子宫内膜癌中ER、PR和p53的表达情况并进行统计学分析。 结果 ER、PR和p53阳性表达率分别为51.9%、50.0%和46.2%。ER、PR的阳性表达率与癌组织的细胞分化程度有关（Plt;0.05）。随着组织学分级的增高，ER、PR阳性表达率逐渐降低（在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级子宫内膜癌中，ER阳性表达率分别为64.0%、56.3%和18.2%， PR阳性表达率分别为72.0%、37.5%和18.2%）。随着组织学分级的增高及淋巴结转移，p53的阳性表达率逐渐增高（Plt;0.05），p53表达与ER、PR表达有关（Plt;0.05）。 结论 ER、PR和p53的表达与子宫内膜癌组织学分级和生物学行为密切相关，其测定对评估子宫内膜癌预后，指导临床治疗具有重要意义。
Objective To systematically evaluate the correlation between coffee and risk of endometrial cancer. Methods Such databases as CBM, CNKI, WanFang data, PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library (Issue 5, 2012) were searched to collect the prospective cohort studies about correlation between coffee and endometrial cancer. The retrieval time was by the end of May 2012, and the references of the included literature were also retrieved. Two evaluators independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality, and then the statistical analysis was conducted by using Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of 10 cohort studies involving 4 484 patients with endometrial cancer were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the women who didn’t drink coffee or drank in the lowest dose, the women who drank coffee in the highest dose had a decreased risk of endometrial cancer (RR=0.69, 95%CI 0.62 to 0.78), same as the women who drank coffee frequently (RR=0.83, 95%CI 0.77 to 0.89). The results of dose-response analysis revealed that, when there was an increase of 2 more cups of coffee per day, there was the risk of endometrial cancer decreased by 12%. Conclusion Drinking coffee frequently (more than 2 cups per day) can decrease the risk of endometrial cancer which can be significantly decreased when drinking in a big dose (more than 5 cups per day).
目的 探讨螺旋CT增强扫描在子宫内膜癌的表现和分期价值。 方法 2004年3月－2010年2月对40例子宫内膜癌术前均行CT平扫和增强扫描，并按世界妇产科联合会（FIGO）标准进行术前CT分期，且均经手术和病理证实。 结果 子宫内膜癌增强CT主要表现为：子宫前后径增大，子宫内膜增厚，宫腔扩大，其内可见强化程度低于子宫肌壁的乳头状、息肉状或不规则状软组织影，部份可见宫腔积液、积血或积脓；或子宫肌壁变薄、厚薄不均或不规则，宫颈增大、密度变低或不均；子宫外播散等相关表现。FIGO分期：Ⅰa期6例，Ⅰb期8例，Ⅰc期8例，Ⅱ期8例，Ⅲ期4例，Ⅳ期6例。其中2例Ⅰa期高估为Ⅰb期，3例Ⅱa期高估为Ⅱb期，2例Ⅱ期低估为Ⅰ期。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期CT分期准确率分别为81.82％、37.5%，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期诊断均正确，总准确率为82.5%。 结论 螺旋CT增强扫描对子宫内膜癌的诊断和分期均有价值。
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic value between serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) for endometrial cancer (EC). MethodsWe electronically searched databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, CNKI and VIP to collect diagnostic accuracy studies of serum HE4 and/or CA125 versus golden standard (pathology) for EC from inception to August 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of included studies by QUADAS-2 tool. Then, meta-analysis was performed by Meta-Disc 1.4 software. ResultsA total of 20 studies involving 4 351 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:the pooled sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of HE4 in the diagnosis of EC were 0.56 (95%CI 0.54 to 0.58), 0.89 (95%CI 0.88 to 0.90), 6.19 (95%CI 4.31 to 8.88), 0.49 (95%CI 0.44 to 0.56), and 14.27 (95%CI 9.50 to 21.42), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of SROC was 0.855 9. The pooled Sen, Spe, +LR,-LR, and DOR of CA125 in the diagnosis of EC were 0.33 (95%CI 0.31 to 0.34), 0.80 (95%CI 0.78 to 0.82), 2.07 (95%CI 1.45 to 2.95), 0.83 (95%CI 0.76 to 0.91), and 2.65 (95%CI 1.63 to 4.32), respectively. The SROC AUC was 0.657 5. ConclusionCompared with CA125, HE4 has higher diagnostic accuracy for EC. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To explore the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in estrogen-induced proliferation of endometrial cancer, and explore whether metformin inhibits the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells through ERα and ERβ. Methods Stable transfected Ishikawa cells were constructed by lentivirus. The effects of down-regulated ERα and ERβ on estrogen-induced Ishikawa cell proliferation were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The effects of down-regulated ERα and ERβ on estrogen-induced Ishikawa cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays were used to detect changes in the expression of cyclinD1 and P21 involved in cell cycle regulation. The effects of down-regulated ERα and ERβ on estrogen-induced Ishikawa cell proliferation were observed by adding metformin to estrogen treatment. Results Down-regulation of ERα inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle of Ishikawa cells (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERα also inhibited the expression of cyclinD1 and promoted the expression of P21 (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERα counteracted the effect of estrogen-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle, and the expression changes of cyclinD1 and P21 (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERβ promoted the proliferation and cell cycle of Ishikawa cells (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERβ also promoted the expression of cyclinD1 and inhibited the expression of P21 (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERβ enhanced the effect of estrogen-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle, and the expression changes of cyclinD1 and P21 (P<0.05). Metformin inhibited the proliferation of estrogen-induced Ishikawa cells (P<0.05), while in the down-regulated ERα Ishikawa cells or down-regulated ERβ Ishikawa cells, the inhibition of metformin on Ishikawa cells disappeared (P<0.05). Conclusions ERα may promote estrogen-induced proliferation of endometrial cancer cells, while ERβ may inhibit estrogen-induced proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. In addition, ERα and ERβ may also mediate the inhibitory effect of metformin on endometrial cancer cells.
目的:总结分析子宫内膜癌临床特点、治疗方法的疗效及与各预后高危因素之间的关系，以提高临床诊疗水平。方法:回顾性分析我院1998年1月～2005年12月收治住院的子宫内膜癌患者499例的临床病理资料，总结患者的一般情况、临床特点并进行随访，分析内膜癌高危因素对预后的影响。采用寿命表法计算患者生存率，Wilcoxon (Gehan) 比分法及Cox比例风险模型分析预后因素。结果:(1) 手术－病理分期I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者5年生存率分别为94%、100％、75.3％，IV期患者1年生存率57.1%、2年生存率11.4％。(2) 单因素分析显示：病理类型、手术－病理分期、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移和是否行淋巴结切除术是影响预后的高危因素。（3）多因素分析显示：病理类型、手术－病理分期、组织学分级和肌层浸润深度是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。结论:(1) 对具有高危因素的患者，如特殊病理类型、手术－病理分期期别晚、组织学分级为G3和深肌层浸润，应辅以术后治疗以提高生存率。(2)分期越晚，生存率越低（Plt;0.05）。
Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy on endometrial carcinoma. Methods We searched The Cochrane Library, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The National Research Register, Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA), MEDLINE, EMbase, CancerLit, CBMdisc, VIP, WANFANG DATABASE and CNKI to March 2007. Relevant journals were also hand searched. Study selection and assessment, data collection and analyses were undertaken by two reviewers independently according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Meta-analyses were performed. Results Three RCTs involving 1126 patients were included. Each of the 3 RCTs compared adjuvant radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy, EBRT) versus chemotherapy. Two trials (730 patients) compared adjuvant radiotherapy versus CAP chemotherapy (carboplatin + adriamycin + cisplatin). The other trial (396 patients) compared adjuvant radiotherapy versus AP chemotherapy (adriamycin + cisplatin). The meta-analyses showed that for patients with endometrial cancer at stage Ic, II or III, there were no significant differences between adjuvant radiotherapy and CAP in 5-year overall survival (OS), 5-year progress-free survival (PFS) and 5-year recurrence (local, distant, total). For patients with endometrial cancer at stage III or IV, adjuvant radiotherapy was superior to AP regimen on 5-year OS and 5-year PFS. The incidence of grade 3/4 toxicities of digestive system and urogenital system was similar between the two groups of patients. The chemotherapy group showed a higher incidence of grade 3/4 toxicities of hematology than the radiotherapy group. Conclusion The effect of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy for endometrial carcinoma at stage Ic, II or III is similar to that of adjuvant chemotherapy. However, for endometrial carcinoma at stage III or IV, the effect of radiotherapy is superior to that of chemotherapy. Radiotherapy has a lower role of myelosuppression than chemotherapy. No significant difference was observed between the radiotherapy and chemotherapy in grade 3/4 toxicities of the digestive system and the urogenital system.