Objective To study the effect of immunogene therapy on the improvement of the outcome of malignant tumor. Methods Literatures about immunogene therapy of malignant tumor were collected and reviewed. Results The major methods of immunogene therapy of malignant tumor were as follows： ①Transference of cytokin genes into lymphocytes. ②Genetically engineered autologous tumor cells used as vaccine. ③Combined gene therapy.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of malignant tumor can be improved by immunogene therapy.
【Abstract】Objective To introduce the progress on clinic trial of antiangiogenic breast cancer therapy. Methods The current literatures on progress on clinic trial of antiangiogenic breast cancer therapy were reviewed. ResultsPathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer. Concentrated efforts in this area of research are leading to the discovery of a growing number of antiangiogenic molecules, more than 30 of which are already on clinical trial. About 10 of angiogenic inhibitors are already on clinical trial of antiangiogenic breast cancer therapy. Most of them are in clinical phase Ⅰ or Ⅱ studies and a few, however, have progressed to phase III evaluation. Some results show that angiogenic inhibitors can reduce the toxicity and be less likely to generate drug resistance than conventional cytotoxic drugs. Conclusion Pathological angiogenesis is indeed essential for breast cancer metastasis and recurrence. Antiangiogenesis can cause regression of the breast cancer and provide a optimum stragy to treat the breast cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To study the advances in clinical application of shape memory alloy (SMA) in general surgery. Methods The literature in the recent years on the advances of SMA was reviewed. Results At present clinical application of SMA have been developed. Different stents could dilate the benign and malignant stricture of blood vessels, biliary ducts, cola, recta and gastric outlet obstruction. The SMA catheter system was effective for peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy. Novel nitinol basket instrument might be useful for percutaneous cholecystolithotomy. Compression anastomoses was safe and sound in gastrointestinal surgery using a device made of SMA. Nitinol stent could be used in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) with satisfactory results. Nitinol occlusion devices was superior to stainless steel coils. The Simon nitinol filter represented a new generation of venous interruption devices designed to prevent recurrent pulmonary embolism. Conclusion Clinical application of SMA will be increased by the development of endoscope, laparoscope and interventional technique.
Objective To review recent studies in molecular biology of gastric cancer. Methods Relevant references were reviewed. Results The development and progression of gastric cancer were correlated with oncogenes, growth factors, cyclins, tumor suppressor genes, cell adhesion molecules and unstability of genes.Conclusion Gastric cancer is related to much mutation of genes.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), defined as cell-secreted nanoscale vesicles that carry bioactive molecules, have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in tumor and tissue regeneration. Their potential in repairing intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) through multidimensional regulatory mechanisms is a rapidly advancing field of research. This paper provided an overview of the mechanisms of EVs in IDD repair, thoroughly reviewed recent literature on EVs for IDD, domestically and internationally, and summarized their therapeutic mechanisms. In IDD repair, EVs could act through different mechanisms at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. At the molecular level, EVs could treat IDD by inhibiting inflammatory reactions, suppressing oxidative stress, and regulating the synthesis and decomposition of extracellular matrix. At the cellular level, EVs could treat IDD by inhibiting cellular pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. At the tissue level, EVs could treat IDD by inhibiting neovascularization. EVs have a strong potential for clinical application in the treatment of IDD and deserve more profound study.