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find Keyword "机制" 317 results
  • 原发免疫性血小板减少症研究进展

    原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)是一种常见的出血性疾病,其发病机制仍不十分清楚。现有治疗方案在ITP的治疗中取得一定的疗效,如糖皮质激素、静脉注射免疫球蛋白以及脾切除等,但仍有较多患者面临复发难治的问题。现将近年ITP发病机制、诊断和治疗等方面的研究进展作一综述。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:12 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • BONE MARROW EDEMA SYNDROME AND AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF FEMORAL HEAD

    Objective To explore the difference between bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) and avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH). Methods Recent original articles about BMES and ANFH were extensively reviewed, and were comprehensively analysed. Results The pathology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment selection, and prognosis are different between these two diseases. Conclusion BMES and ANFH are two different diseases. Micro-fracture may be the cause of bone marrow edema.

    Release date:2016-08-31 05:43 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 慢性间歇缺氧引起高血压的发病机制

    阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征( OSAHS)是临床常见疾病。高血压、肺动脉高压、冠心病、心力衰竭、心律失常、猝死及脑血管疾病等都与OSAHS 存在密切相关性, 但对于OSAHS 所致全身性疾病的发病机制尚未完全阐明。已知慢性间歇低氧( chronic intermittent hypoxia, CIH) 和睡眠结构紊乱是OSAHS 的主要病理生理特征, 因而通常将啮齿类动物反复暴露于短暂间歇低氧环境中来模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停( obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) 的低氧血症, 并借此探讨OSAHS 所致疾病的机制[ 1 ] ,尤其是与高血压的相关性。近年来, 对于间歇低氧( intermittent hypoxia, IH) 导致这些疾病发生的分子机制取得诸多进展, 包括神经系统、循环系统、炎症介质和转录因子等方面。

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  • Relationship between long-term use of antimicrobial agent and risk of kidney cancer

    Renal cancer is a common malignant tumor and the deadliest cancer of the urinary and reproductive system. Given the increasing incidence rate of kidney cancer, timely intervention of its controllable risk factors is crucial. Antimicrobial agent is widely used worldwide, and in recent years, some studies have found that long-term use of antimicrobial agent is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer. The mechanism may involve multiple factors such as nephrotoxicity of antimicrobial agent and intestinal flora imbalance. This article reviews the relationship between long-term use of antimicrobial agent and risk of kidney cancer, and explores possible mechanisms, to understand the impact of long-term use of antimicrobial agent on the risk of kidney cancer, and to provide more references for early prevention of kidney cancer and rational use of antimicrobial agent.

    Release date:2024-09-23 01:22 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Research progress of amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning

    Amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning is one of the most harmful and lethal types of mushroom poisoning events. Its basic medical and clinical medical knowledge has not been fully understood and mastered, so the basic and clinical diagnosis and treatment of amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning has always been a hot research field of acute mushroom poisoning. This article focuses on the new progress in the epidemiology, toxicological properties, poisoning mechanism, clinical diagnosis and treatment of amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning, in order to provide the basis for further study, diagnosis and treatment of amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning for basic researchers and clinical medical staff.

    Release date:2023-11-24 03:33 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Research on emotion recognition in electroencephalogram based on independent component analysis-recurrence plot and improved EfficientNet

    To accurately capture and effectively integrate the spatiotemporal features of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for the purpose of improving the accuracy of EEG-based emotion recognition, this paper proposes a new method combining independent component analysis-recurrence plot with an improved EfficientNet version 2 (EfficientNetV2). First, independent component analysis is used to extract independent components containing spatial information from key channels of the EEG signals. These components are then converted into two-dimensional images using recurrence plot to better extract emotional features from the temporal information. Finally, the two-dimensional images are input into an improved EfficientNetV2, which incorporates a global attention mechanism and a triplet attention mechanism, and the emotion classification is output by the fully connected layer. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this study conducts comparative experiments, channel selection experiments and ablation experiments based on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Emotion Electroencephalogram Dataset (SEED). The results demonstrate that the average recognition accuracy of our method is 96.77%, which is significantly superior to existing methods, offering a novel perspective for research on EEG-based emotion recognition.

    Release date:2024-12-27 03:50 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 生酮饮食治疗癫痫作用机制研究进展

    生酮饮食(Ketogenic diet,KD)是一种高脂肪、低碳水化合物,适量蛋白质、维生素和矿物质的饮食。KD用于治疗癫痫已有很长的历史,其疗效明确但作用机制尚不清楚。基于临床观察和研究,最初人们认为KD的作用机制与脱水、酸中毒相关。近几年,基于越来越多的动物实验和临床研究,人们逐渐提出了更多假说。KD减少了葡萄糖的摄入,机体利用葡萄糖受限,而酮体、脂肪酸升高,这可能与其产生抗癫痫作用相关。此外研究发现,KD的抗癫痫机制可能与神经递质、神经元兴奋性及突触传递有关。KD还有神经保护功能,如抗炎、氧化应激等,这与其抗癫痫作用也有关联。但是上述机制并不明确,目前关于KD的抗癫痫机制仍在探索之中。

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  • Study on the method of polysomnography sleep stage staging based on attention mechanism and bidirectional gate recurrent unit

    Polysomnography (PSG) monitoring is an important method for clinical diagnosis of diseases such as insomnia, apnea and so on. In order to solve the problem of time-consuming and energy-consuming sleep stage staging of sleep disorder patients using manual frame-by-frame visual judgment PSG, this study proposed a deep learning algorithm model combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and bidirectional gate recurrent neural networks (Bi GRU). A dynamic sparse self-attention mechanism was designed to solve the problem that gated recurrent neural networks (GRU) is difficult to obtain accurate vector representation of long-distance information. This study collected 143 overnight PSG data of patients from Shanghai Mental Health Center with sleep disorders, which were combined with 153 overnight PSG data of patients from the open-source dataset, and selected 9 electrophysiological channel signals including 6 electroencephalogram (EEG) signal channels, 2 electrooculogram (EOG) signal channels and a single mandibular electromyogram (EMG) signal channel. These data were used for model training, testing and evaluation. After cross validation, the accuracy was (84.0±2.0)%, and Cohen's kappa value was 0.77±0.50. It showed better performance than the Cohen's kappa value of physician score of 0.75±0.11. The experimental results show that the algorithm model in this paper has a high staging effect in different populations and is widely applicable. It is of great significance to assist clinicians in rapid and large-scale PSG sleep automatic staging.

    Release date:2023-02-24 06:14 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Skin lesion classification with multi-level fusion of Swin-T and ConvNeXt

    Skin cancer is a significant public health issue, and computer-aided diagnosis technology can effectively alleviate this burden. Accurate identification of skin lesion types is crucial when employing computer-aided diagnosis. This study proposes a multi-level attention cascaded fusion model based on Swin-T and ConvNeXt. It employed hierarchical Swin-T and ConvNeXt to extract global and local features, respectively, and introduced residual channel attention and spatial attention modules for further feature extraction. Multi-level attention mechanisms were utilized to process multi-scale global and local features. To address the problem of shallow features being lost due to their distance from the classifier, a hierarchical inverted residual fusion module was proposed to dynamically adjust the extracted feature information. Balanced sampling strategies and focal loss were employed to tackle the issue of imbalanced categories of skin lesions. Experimental testing on the ISIC2018 and ISIC2019 datasets yielded accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score of 96.01%, 93.67%, 92.65%, and 93.11%, respectively, and 92.79%, 91.52%, 88.90%, and 90.15%, respectively. Compared to Swin-T, the proposed method achieved an accuracy improvement of 3.60% and 1.66%, and compared to ConvNeXt, it achieved an accuracy improvement of 2.87% and 3.45%. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method accurately classifies skin lesion images, providing a new solution for skin cancer diagnosis.

    Release date:2024-06-21 05:13 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Bibliometric analysis of medical risk management and early warning mechanism of private medical institutions based on CiteSpace

    Objective To provide some theoretical reference and practical guidance for the medical risk management and early warning of private medical institutions, and to improve the service level and social reputation of private medical institutions. Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, and Web of Science database were searched for literature on medical risk management of private medical institutions published from the dates of establishment of databases to July 31, 2023. CiteSpace software was used for analysis. The aspects of literature number, literature source, author-institution cooperation, keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering and burst were analyzed. Results A total of 2 635 literature were detected. Among them, there were 1446 articles in Chinese and 1189 articles in English. Although domestic research started late, it covered a wide range of disciplines and research fields. The Chinese literature showed a growth trend in the medium term, but the growth trend was slower than that of foreign literature. At the same time, the cooperation network of foreign authors and institutions was closer than that of domestic ones, and the overall development was relatively insufficient. There were differences between domestic and foreign research hotspots in terms of disciplines and research contents. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen the theoretical and practical research on medical risk management of private medical institutions, and accelerate the construction of risk management and early warning models suitable for the characteristics of private medical institutions in China. In the future, the emerging research fields such as moral hazard, emergency and internal control need to be deepened and expanded.

    Release date:2023-12-25 11:45 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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