目的：回顾性分析不同年龄组IgA肾病患者的病理改变特点，以利于早期诊断和治疗。方法：将我院280例(2005~2007年)经皮肾活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病的患者按不同年龄分为儿童组、青少年组和成人组，逐项分析病例组织光镜和免疫荧光检查的相关资料。结果：在280例病理资料中，儿童组患者病理学分级以Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为主，免疫荧光检查以单纯IgA 和或C3沉积多见；青少年组患者病理学分级以Ⅰ～Ⅲ级为主，免疫荧光检查也是以单纯IgA 和或C3 沉积多见；成人组病理学改变从Ⅰ～Ⅳ级均可见到，主要以Ⅲ ～Ⅳ级为主，免疫荧光检查以单纯IgA 、IgA + IgM和或C3沉积较多。结论：IgA肾病的病理改变有随着年龄增大，病理改变越明显肾脏损害越严重的趋势，早期进行经皮肾活检有利于明确诊断及尽早治疗。
Objective To report an evidence-based treatment of Mycophenolate Mofetil for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods We searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (1978 to 2006) and CNKI (1978 to 2006), and critically appraised the available evidence. Results The available Level C (low quality) evidence showed that Mycophenolate Mofetil was effective for the remission of proteinuria, and effective in patients who were resistant to steroid or cytotoxic agents. However, there was no evidence on its long-term effect on renal survival. Given the current evidence, together with our clinical experience and the patient’s preference, Mycophenolate Mofetil and glucocorticoid were administered to the patient. After 3 months of treatment, proteinuria was relieved. The patient is still can followed up. Conclusions We only find Level C evidence to support the short-term efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil on the remission of proteinuria. Further studies on its long-term effects on renal survival, and a health economics evaluation are needed.
Objective To study the association between the insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene intron 16 (ACE/ID) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) among Chinese population by Meta-analysis. Methods Odds ratios of ACE/ID genotype distributions were analyzed in NIDDM or IDDM patients with and without DN. All the related studies on ACE/ID polymorphism and DN were identified while poor-qualified studies were excluded, and the risk of publication bias was estiMetad. The Meta-analysis software, RevMan 3.1, was applied for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies and summarizing effects across studies by proper statistical methods. Result The pooled odds ratios (with 95%CI) of DD vs ID + II and II vs ID + DD were 2.17 (1.74-2.70) and 0.49 (0.36-0.66) in NIDDM (12 studies), 3.92 (2.05-7.47) and 0.19 (0.09-0.43) in IDDM (3 studies) respectively (Plt;0.01). Conclusion In both NIDDM and IDDM, ACE/ID polymorphism is believed to be associated with diabetic nephropathy. The number of DN patients with DD genotype has been increased while that with II genotype decreased.
Objective To make individualized evidence-based treatment for patients with diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria. Methods Based on the clinical questions we raised, evidence was collected and critically assessed. Patients’ willingness was also taken into consideration in the decision-making treatment Results Seventy studies were retrieved and finally 14 randomized controlled trials, 2 systematic reviews, 2 meta-analyses and 41 clinical guidelines were considered eligible. The evidence indicated that albuminuria was an independent cardiovascular risk factor of diabetic patients; angiotensin receptor antagonists might decrease the level of urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy; and such patients might benefit from blood glucose and blood pressure control. The individualized treatment plans were developed based on the available evidence. After 1 month of treatment, the serum creatinine returned to normal and albuminuria became negative. Conclusion The individualized treatment plans based on the high quality evidence were optimal in reducing cardiovascular complications and urinary albumin excretion. However, long-term prognostic benefits need to be confirmed by further follow-up.
目的:观察苯那普利联合银杏达莫注射液对糖尿病肾病(DN)患者蛋白尿、肾功能以及血液流变学指标的影响。方法:75例2型糖尿病肾病患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予饮食控制、降糖、降脂等常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上给与苯那普利和银杏达莫注射液治疗,疗程共12周,分别观察治疗前后两组患者空腹血糖、血脂和肾功能以及UAER和血液流变学参数的变化。结果:治疗12周后,两组患者空腹血糖控制良好,治疗组患者UAER较对照组明显下降,分别为314.62±49.83 mL/min和282.97±36.62 mL/min,治疗组患者肾功能和血液流变学参数较治疗前明显改善(Plt;0.05)。结论:苯那普利联合银杏达莫注射液能明显改善糖尿病肾病患者血液流变学参数,提高肾脏功能,减少24 h尿蛋白。
【摘要】 目的 分析2型糖尿病患者合并不同类型肾脏损伤的临床表现、肾脏病理分型,探讨临床特点和病理类型之间的关系,以指导临床诊治。方法 分析1998年12月—2008年12月53例接受肾活检的2型糖尿病患者,其中男38例,女15例,平均52岁,糖尿病病程0~22年,平均5年。分析纳入患者的临床表现、肾脏病理特点和肾脏损伤程度。结果 2型糖尿病合并肾脏损伤以中老年多见,年龄50～74岁,其中糖尿病肾病(DN) 34例,44.1%的患者肾脏损害出现在发现糖尿病5年后；非糖尿病肾病(DM+NDRD)16例,81.3%的患者肾脏损害出现在发现糖尿病5年内；糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病(DN+NDRD)3例,平均糖尿病病程均lt;5年。2型糖尿病合并肾脏损伤的肾脏病理类型多样,除DN(占64.2%)外,17.0%的患者为膜性肾病，7.5%的患者为系膜增生性肾病。结论 2型糖尿病合并肾损伤以DN为多,亦可出现DM+NDRD或DN +NDRD,通过肾活检明确肾脏病理类型对临床治疗及判断预后有指导意义。
ObjectiveTo systematically review the independent physical risk factors associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMbase, CBM, CNKI and VIP for all studies about the independent physical risk factors associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus up to December 2012. Two reviewers independently screened studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 12 957 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Of these 11 studies, 9 were cross-sectional studies, two were cohort studies, and one was case-control study. The results showed that:the main physical factors associated with DKD were:duration of diabetes (OR=1.11, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.18), waist circumference (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.04), fasting glucose (OR=1.11, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.16), glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=1.20, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.36), systolic blood pressure (OR=1.03, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.05), diastolic blood pressure (OR=2.41, 95%CI 1.15 to 4.64), triglycerides (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.51), high-density lipoprotein (OR=0.558, 95%CI 0.369 to 0.844), blood uric acid (OR=1.005, 95%CI 1.002 to 1.009), blood urea nitrogen (OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.37 to 1.82), past history of kidney disease (OR=3.26, 95%CI 1.20 to 8.87) and family history of kidney disease (OR=1.83, 95%CI 1.29 to 2.60). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that multiple physical factors were associated with the development of type 2 diabetic kidney disease. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the conclusion.
Objective To perform a meta-analysis and investigate the correlation between angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene insertion (I), deletion (D) polymorphism and type 2 diabetic nephropathy, assessing the bias of small sample size study and heterogeneity between studies. Methods MEDLINE, EBSCO, EMbase, PubMed, CHKD, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data were searched (from January 1994 to March 18th 2011) for relevant case-control studies. Two reviewers independently identified the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also references of the included literature were retrieved. Then data were extracted and assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.0 software. Results A total of 61 studies comprising 9 979 cases and 7 252 control subjects were included. There was b evidence of heterogeneity (Plt;0.05, I2=60%) and a random effect model was employed to summarize the data. Results of meta-analysis showed that T2DM patients with II genotype had lower incidences of DN than those with DD+DI genotype (OR=0.65, 95%CI 0.57 to 0.74). The results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that Chinese, Japanese and Brazilians patients with II genotype had lower incidences of DN. However, there were no relation among Caucasus, Middle-East, Indian, Mexican, Korean, and Malaysian patients. Conclusion As for T2DM patients, their angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene insertion (I), deletion (D) polymorphism relates to DN. T2DM patients with II genotype have lower incidences of DN. But the difference of this relation varies with ethnicity.
目的 总结反复黏膜感染的IgA肾病的临床病理特点。 方法 采用单中心流行病学调查及回顾性研究，收集2006年1月－2009年12月253例经肾活检确诊为IgA肾病的住院患者的临床病理资料，对114例反复黏膜感染的IgA肾病患者（A组）及139例偶发或从未发生黏膜感染的IgA肾病患者（B组）的临床病理指标进行比较。 结果 A组患者年龄较B组小（t=2.913，P=0.004），临床表现无明显症状者比例较B组多，临床分型以反复发作肉眼血尿型为多，病理分级较B组轻（Z=?2.042，P=0.041），IgA+IgM+C3沉积率高（P＜0.001）；B组IgA+IgG+C3沉积率高（P＜0.001），纤维连接蛋白沉积率高（P＜0.001）。 结论 反复黏膜感染的IgA肾病组患者年龄小，反复发作肉眼血尿型多，临床表现及病理分级较轻；两组FN沉积及免疫球蛋白沉积的主要类型不同，提示两组发病机制可能有所不同。
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of aerobic training, resistance training and aerobic training combined with resistance training on non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney diseases. MethodsPubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, EBSCO, Web of Science, VIP, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of three types of exercise therapy on patients with chronic kidney disease from January 2012 to January 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, network meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software and R software. ResultsA total of 22 RCTs involving 1 633 patients were included. The results of network meta-analysis showed that: compared with the control group, aerobic training, and resistance training reduced resting systolic blood pressure; aerobic training, resistance training reduced resting diastolic blood pressure; aerobic training reduced total cholesterol levels; aerobic training improved peak oxygen uptake; aerobic training combined with resistance training improved six-minute walking test. Aerobic training, resistance training, and aerobic training combined with resistance training improved glomerular filtration rate. The probability sorting results showed that aerobic training had the most significant effect on the improvement of peak oxygen uptake, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins; resistance training had the most significant effect on the improvement of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate; aerobic exercise combined with resistance training had the most significant effect on the improvement of body mass index, triglycerides, and six-minute walking test. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that aerobic training has an advantage in reducing total cholesterol levels and increasing peak oxygen uptake, resistance training has an advantage in improving blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate and aerobic training combined with resistance training has an advantage in improving walking ability of patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease.