Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a newly discovered cytokine that can promote liver regeneration and proliferation of damaged liver cells. In the renal tissue, ALR is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of the medullary loops, collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules in the renal medulla, and is low in the glomerular and cortical tubules. Various stimulation, such as ischemiacal, hypoxia, poisoning and inflammatory stimulation, can induce the expression of ALR in the epithelial cells of proximal tubule regeneration and the damaged areas of cortex, and participate in the repair process. Current studies have found that in acute kidney injury (AKI), exogenous ALR can protect renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, promoting proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells, inhibiting the activities of inflammatory cells, and promoting the reduction of renal injury. This paper intends to review the basic characteristics of ALR and the pathogenesis of AKI, summarize the characteristics of the mechanism of ALR in AKI by combing the relevant literature on ALR and AKI in recent years, and provide knowledge reserve and direction reference for the in-depth study of ALR in kidney in the future.
Objective We aimed to develop a self-management assessment scale for children with epilepsy and test its reliability and validity. Methods A research group was established, and the items were revised through literature review, group discussion and pre-investigation, and 280 patients with epilepsy in children were included, and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested. Results 28 items in 4 dimensions were developed to form the scale, namely, knowledge and belief of diseases and medication, compliance of medication and treatment, self-efficacy of medication and obstacles of medication. Confirmatory factor analysis extracted four common factors with characteristic roots greater than 1, and the cumulative variance explanation rate was 65.639%. The factor load of all items is > 0.5. The overall Cronbach’s alpha is 0.880, and the coefficients in seven measurement dimensions are all greater than 0.8. Conclusion The self-management assessment scale for children’s epilepsy drugs has good reliability and validity, and can provide a measuring tool for the drug management of children’s epilepsy diseases.
Objective To summary the regulatory effect of mechanical stimulation on macrophage polarization in wound healing, and explore the application prospect of mechanical stimulation in tissue engineering. Methods The related domestic and foreign literature in recent years was extensive reviewed, and the different phenotypes of macrophages and their roles in wound healing, the effect of mechanical stimulation on macrophage polarization and its application in tissue engineering were analyzed. Results Macrophages have functional diversity, with two phenotypes: pro-inflammatory (M1 type) and anti-inflammatory (M2 type), and the cells exhibit different activation phenotypes and play corresponding functions under different stimuli. The mechanical force of different types, sizes, and amplitudes can directly or indirectly guide macrophages to transform into different phenotypes, and then affect tissue repair. This feature can be used in tissue engineering to selectively regulate macrophage polarization. Conclusion Mechanical stimulation plays an vital role in regulating macrophage polarization, but its specific role and mechanism remain ambiguous and need to be further explored.
ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of the design and application of novel surgical template on the accuracy of reconstructed mandibula and implant position in occlusion-guided functional mandibular reconstruction, so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment.MethodsBetween January 2017 and May 2019, 11 patients with segmental mandible defects were treated, including 8 males and 3 females with an average age of 31.8 years (range, 19-45 years). There were 6 cases of ameloblastoma, 3 cases of keratocystic tumor, and 2 cases of ossifying fibroma. According to Urken classification of mandible defects, there were 1 case of CRB, 4 cases of RB, 2 cases of RBS, and 4 cases of SB. According to the occlusion relationship, a novel surgical template with the reconstruction titanium plate screws and implants drill-guided information was designed and manufactured. With the help of the novel surgical template, the “one and a half” fibula reconstruction mode was used for jaw functional reconstruction, and the implant supported denture was finally completed. The postoperative CT at 1 week were collected to analyze the morphology of the preoperative virtual design jaw and postoperative jaw. The coincidence of fibular reconstructed mandible (fibular upper barrel, fibular reconstructed ramus and condyle, and whole mandible) and implant in mandible were calculated. When the coincidence was less than 80%, it was considered that the deviation was obvious. Oral panoramic X-ray film and cone beam CT were examined at 6 months after operation to evaluate the osseointegration before implant repair.ResultsNone of the 11 flaps had postoperative vascular crisis. One flap occurred necrosis at 1 month after reconstruction combined with 3 implants failed, and had been removed at 6 months after reconstructed surgery; the others had no flap necrosis. One week postoperatively, the coincidence of the fibular upper barrel was 87.55%±3.08%, the whole mandible was 82.68%±5.94%, and the implant in mandible was 88.00%, with significant differences (t=8.131, P=0.000; t=2.118, P=0.046; Z=4.070, P=0.000) when compared to 80%, respectively. The fibular reconstructed ramus and condyle was 77.82%±3.54%, with no significant difference (t=−2.042, P=0.068) when compared to 80%. Six months postoperatively, oral panoramic X-ray film and cone beam CT showed that all 22 implants achieved osseointegration and the palatal mucosa transplantation was performed, then finally completed the denture rehabilitation at 6-9 months after operation. All patients were satisfied with their postoperative appearance.ConclusionThe novel surgical template can guarantee the accuracy of functional mandible reconstruction guided by occlusal guidance, and ultimately achieve the beautiful contour of jaw and occlusal function reconstruction, and improve the patient’s life quality.