Objective To study the effects of estrogen and progesterone and their receptors on the development of gallstone (GS) and primary gallbladder carcinoma (PGC), and probe to the relationship between the biological characteristic of PGC and female hormone and their receptors. Methods The study of PGC related to female hormone was reviewed by history document and experimental study in resently. Results The female hormone influenced human body extensively: they acted on not only the target organs, but also the nontarget organs with their receptors. The action was brought about by their receptors expression. The action intensity was dependent on not only the serum level of female hormone but also their corresponding receptors distributing in organs. The carcinogenic mechanism of estrogen was more clear with the discovery of estrogen-regulating-proteins. Conclusion The estrogen play an important role in the onset and development of GS and PGC. Estrogen and progestrone can inhance the patients′ susceptibility to the cholesterol gallstone and become a high risk factor in causing PGC through inducing their corresponding receptors expression in the gallbladder. Evaluating the effects of estrogen-estrogen receptor-estrogen-regulating-protein on biological characteristic of PGC is significant in guiding clinical endocrine treatment.
Objective To study the feasibility of radical resection of gallbladder cancer with extensive invasion. Methods A patient of the gallbladder cancer with invasion of liver, gastric antrum, duodenum, caput pancreatis and colon transversum, was received radical resection (including pancreatoduodenectomy, hepatectomy and colectomy). Results Seven months later, the value of CEA and Hb were normal and cancer recurrence was not observed. Conclusion The radical resection of gallbladder cancer with extensive invasion, can improve survival quality and extent survival time.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of tumor growth tactor β1 (TGFβ1) and p27 in gallbladder carcinoma and their relation to the development of the carcinoma. Methods The expression of TGF-β1 and p27 in 36 cases of gallbladder carcinoma was detected by SP immunohistochemical staining. Twenty cases of chronic cholecystitis were collected as control. Results The positive rate of TGF-β1 （63.9%） was higher than that of the control （10.0%），P＜0.05， and the positive rate of p27 (47.2%) was lower than that of the control 100%(P＜0.05). The positive rate of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in metastasis or Nevin Ⅳ～Ⅴ stage cases than that of non-metastasis or Nevin Ⅰ～Ⅲ stage cases 33.3% (P＜0.05). The positive rate of p27 was statistically higher in moderate and highly differentiation (60.9%), nonmetastasis (75.0%) or Nevin’s Ⅰ～Ⅲ stage (75.0%) cases than those of poor differentiation (23.0%), metastasis (33.3%) and Nevin Ⅳ～Ⅴ stage (33.3%) cases (P＜0.05). The expression of p27 was negatively correlated with that of TGF-β1(r=-0.4473，P＜0.05). There was significant difference in survival time between patients with TGF-β1 positive and TGF-β1 negative（P＜0.05）. The difference was also found between patients with p27 positive and p27 negative. Conclusion The upregulation of TGF-β1 and downregulation of p27 in gallbladder carcinoma indicates the imbalance of TGF-β1/p27 system, which may play a role in the carcinogenesis and predict the malignant behaviors of the carcinoma.
【Abstract】Objective To study the regulatory ability of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ(PPARγ) ligands to the inflammatory response in human gallbladder epithelial cells. Methods Culture human gallbladder epithelial cells and identify them . Cells were treated for 24 hours with 0, 10 μmol/L, 20 μmol/L, 30 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L of Ciglitazone during cellular growth peak(5th day), then stimulated them with hIL-1β 5 ng/ml for 2 hours and measured the concentration of IL-6、IL-8 and TNF-α in cellular supernatants by riadioimmunoassay. Results Contrasted with control group, the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in each test group were inhibited （P＜0.001）. The IL-6 and IL-8 levels were gradually dropped and corelated with the dosage of Cigtitazone, and manifested dosagedependence (P＜0.001). The concentration of TNF-α could not be measured. Conclusion PPARγ ligands can inhibit the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human gallbladder epithelial cells and probably produce effect in the regulation of cholecystic inflammation.
SerumIgG,IgA,IgM,C3andC4weredeterminedbyneophelmetricimmunoassay,serumandbiliaryIL2,sIL2Rlevelsweremeasuredbyatwoantibodysandwichenzymelinkedimmunosorbentassayinpatientswithsimplegallbladdercarcinoma,withbothgallbladdercarcinomaandgallstone,withsimplegallstoneandhealthyindividuals.Theresultsshowedthat:①Comparedwithcontrols,thegallbladdercarcinomapatientshadobviouslyloweredserumandbiliarylevelsofIL2andCD+4cell;andtheypresentedamarkedincreasedserum,biliarylevelsofsIL2RandCD+8cell.②TherewascorrelationbetweenthelevelsofsIL2RandCD+8,IL2andCD+4inthepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomaandtheirclinicstage.③Comparedwiththepatientswithgallbladdercarcinoma,gallstonepatientspresentedamarkeddecreasedserumandbiliarylevelofsIl2RandCD+8cell,andamarkedincreasedserumandbiliarylevelofIL2andCD+4cell.Theresultssuggestthat:①Thepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomahaveimmunedepression;②Inthepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomaandgallstone,gallstoneasainjuryfactorbrokethebalancebetweenCD+4andCD+8,thebalancebetweenIL2anditsreceptor;③TcellsubpopulationandsIL2R,IL2levelsmaybeusedasmarkerstopredictthechangesinpatientswithgallbladdercarcinoma.
Objective To explore the effect of hydrostatic pressure on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the gene expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) in cultured human bladder smooth muscle cells (hb-SMCs), and to prel iminarily probe into the possible molecular mechanism of hb-SMCs prol iferation stimulated by hydrostatic pressure. Methods The passage 6-7 hb-SMCs were loaded with Ca2+ indicator Fluo-3/AM. When the hb-SMCs were under 0 cm H2O (1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa) (group A) or 200 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure for 30 minutes (group B) and then removing the 200 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure (group C), the [Ca2+]i was measured respectively by inverted laser anningconfocal microscope. When the hb-SMCs were given the 200 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure for 0 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, 2 hours, and 24 hours, the mRNA expressions of TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 were detected by RT-PCR technique. Results The [Ca2+]i of group A, group B, and group C were (100.808 ± 1.724), (122.008 ± 1.575), and (99.918 ± 0.887) U, respectively; group B was significantly higher than groups A and C (P lt; 0.001). The [Ca2+]i of group C decreased to the base l ine level of group A after removing the pressure (t=0.919, P=0.394). The TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 genes expressed in hb-SMCs under 200 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure at 0 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours, but the expressions had no obvious changes with time. There was no significant difference in the expressions of TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 among 3 groups (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion The [Ca2+]i of hb-SMCs increases significantly under high hydrostatic pressure. As possible genes in stretch-activated cation channel, the TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 express in hb-SMCs under 200 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure. It is possible that the mechanical pressure regulates the [Ca2+]i of hb-SMCs by opening the stretch-activated cation channel rather than up-regulating its expression.
Objective To study the expressions of human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) in CD1 mice gallbladder and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and explore their possible implications. Methods The expression of HERG protein in gallbladder tissue slices obtained from CD1 mice was detected by immunohistochemistry method. The expression of HERG mRNA in gallbladder tissue was detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The production of HERG protein was confirmed in the CD1 mice gallbladder by Western blot. Enzymatically dispersed cells were identified as ICC using the specific ICC marker c-kit antibody, and the double positive cells of c-kit and HERG were observed by laser passing confocal microscope. Results HERG was present in the CD1 mice gallbladder tissues for the yellow or buffy positive reaction. At the same time, the expression of mRNA specific for the HERG gene and production of HERG protein in the CD1 mice gallbladder tissues were indicated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Using double labeling of anti-c-kit and anti-HERG, the double positive cells of c-kit and HERG were observed in the CD1 mice ICC by laser passing confocal microscope. Conclusion The study demonstrates that HERG is present in the CD1 mice gallbladder tissues and ICC, which is likely related to the pacemaking activity of ICC.
Objective To study the relation between retinoblastoma (Rb) gene expression and biological characteristics of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods The expression of Rb protein in tissues of 41 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, 7 cases of gallbladder papilloma, and 14 cases of cholecystitis were detected by immunohistochemical staining of SP with polyclonal antibody. Results The rate of positive staining was 58.7% in gallbladder carcinoma which was significantly lower than that in cholecystitis and gallbladder papilloma (100%). There was a significant difference of Rb protein expression among the low, moderate and high differentiations and so was between S5, S4, S1, S2 and S3 stage (Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion It sugests that expression or non-expression of Rb gene is closely related to the malignant potential invasiveness and prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
Objective To study major influential factors of the micturition alert device dedicated to neurogenic bladders for the product design and cl inical appl ication of the device. Methods One ferrite permanent magnet with thickness and diameter of 3 mm and 10 mm, respectively, and three NdFeB permanent magnets with the thickness of 3 mm and diameter of 10, 15 and 20 mm, respectively, were used. The effects of thickness of the abdominal wall as well as the position and type of permanent magnets on the micturition alert device dedicated to neurogenic bladders were measured in vitro simulated test, when the abdominal wall was set to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 cm, respectively, and the position of permanent magnets was 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 cm, respectively. The effect of the geomagnetic field on the device was measured under the condition that the thickness of the simulated abdominal wall was set to 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm, respectively,and the position of permanent magnets was 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 cm, respectively. Results The value showed inthe warning unit was positively correlated with the position of the ferrite permanent magnet only when the thickness ofthe simulated abdominal wall was 2 cm (r=0.632, P lt; 0.05). The correlation between the value of the warning unit andthe position of NdFeB permanent magnets was significant (r gt; 0.622, P lt; 0.05), which was intensified with the increasingdiameter of NdFeB permanent magnets, but weakened with the increasing thickness of the simulated abdominal wall. The effect of the geomagnetic field was correlated with the exposition of the body, the position of the permanent magnet and the thickness of the abdominal wall. Conclusion The major influential factors of the micturition alert device dedicated to neurogenic bladder include the magnetism and location of the permanent magnet, the thickness of the abdominal wall and the geomagnetic field. These factors are correlated with and affect each other. Reasonable allocation of these factors may optimize the device.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the apoptosis of gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBCSD induced by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) targeting survivin. MethodsASODN targeting survivin was transfected into GBCSD cells mediated by lipofectin. Cultured cells were divided into 3 groups: control group,sense oligonucleotide (SODN) group and ASODN group. After transfected for 16 h, the cultured cells were harvested and the following texts were carried out. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by RTPCR. Flow cytometer were used to detect apoptosis. Morphological changes were observed by electron microscopy. ResultsThe expression of survivin mRNA was decreased 47.83% in ASODN group while apoptosis was increased from (0.50±0.23)% to (26.28±3.91)%. Abnormal morphological changes of cells were observed in ASODN group and apoptosis bodies were found in some gallbladder carcinoma cells. ConclusionThe expression of survivin may be decreased in GBCSD cells after ASODN transfection.ASODN targeting survivin could induce gallbladder carcinoma cells apoptosis effectively.