ObjectiveTo summarize the changes and interaction of the cytokine in severe acute pancreatitis associated lung injury. MethodsThe published literatures at domestic and aboard in recent years about severe acute pancreatitis associated lung injury were collected and reviewed. ResultsThe cytokines had a chain effect, and influenced each other when severe acute pancreatitis with lung injury attacked. ConclusionsRelated cytokines play important roles in severe acute pancreatitis associated lung injury. Researching the related cytokines will contribute to the diagnosis and treatment for severe acute pancreatitis with lung injury.
Objective To observe the expression and investigate the significance of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods 100 Lewis rats were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) to induce EAU animal model, and they were divided into control group and treatment group randomly. The treatment group was administered cyclosporine A 20mg/（kgmiddot;d）after 1 to 28 days of immunization; the control group received saline buffer at equal quantity. All eyes were evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy before and after 7, 14, 21, 28 days of immunization; IL-4，IL-12，IFN-gamma; in the serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); the SOCS mRNA and protein level in PBMC were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and western blot. Results The inflammation was most obvious at 14 days after immunization. The control group showed obvious iridocyclitis; the treatment group showed mild anterior chamber inflammation but no posterior synechia and hypopyon. The highest level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma; were observed at 14 days after immunization, followed by decline to the baseline at 28 days after immunization in control group; the highest level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma; were found at 14 days after immunization in treatment group, but the level was lower than control group obviously. Compared with the level before immunization, there are no differences at other time-point. The concentration of IL-4 decreased indistinctly in control group but increased in treatment group. SOCS1、Both of SOCS1 and SOCS5 increased to the highest level at 14 days after immunization, as 4.05 and 383 times of preimmunization in control group respectively, as 1.15 and 1.16 times in treatment group respectively. The CIS and SOCS3 mRNA increased lightly in two groups and treatment group milder than control group. Marked increased expression of SOCS1 and SOCS5 protein was detected at 7, 14, 21days than preimmunization, both of CIS and SOCS3 protein were significantly increased on 14, 21 days in control group; only SOCS1 protein was significantly increased on 14 days in treatment group and there are no differences at other time-point compared to pre-immunization. Conclusion Up-regulation of SOCS1 and SOCS5 expression maybe related to intensive response of Th1 in the development of EAU. Mild up-regulation of CIS and SOCS3 maybe associated with intensive response of Th2 which against the reaction of Th1 to carry out the dynamic immune balance.
The serum activities of 3 cytokines (TNF,IL-1 and IL-6) were observed in 23 patients admitted within 4 days of onset of acute pancreatitis (AP). The results showed that the serum level of 3 cytokines raised in all of the AP patients, significant difference between TNF and IL-1 was abserved at admission and IL-6 did after one week of admission, suggesting that proper cytokine criteria are useful in predicting severity of the disease but the relationship between cytokines and MOF had not established.
ObjectiveTo study the changes the changes of cytokine expression the aqueous humor of patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). MethodsA prospective clinical study. From June 2018 to June 2021, 31 eyes of 31 patients with non-ischemic BRVO-ME diagnosed by ophthalmic examination in Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital were included in the study. Among them, 15 males had 15 eyes, and 16 females had 16 eyes. Age was 70 (65, 72) years; the course of disease was 10 (9, 15) days. All of them were first-time patients. All eyes were treated with IVR once a month for 3 consecutive months. At the end of each IVR treatment, 0.1 ml aqueous humor was extracted immediately. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in aqueous humor were detected by flow cytometry. The concentrations of cytokines in aqueous humor before and after treatment were compared by Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Spearman correlation analysis was performed on the correlation between VEGF and MCP-1 expression level in aqueous humor before treatment. ResultsThe concentrations of VEGF and ICAM-1 in aqueous humor were significantly lower at 1 month after treatment compared with that before treatment, and at 2 months after treatment compared with that at 1 month after treatment (Z=4.03, 3.25, 2.50, 3.48; P＜0.05); the concentrations of IL-6 and VCAM-1 increased and the concentration of MCP-1 decreased, but there was no significant difference (Z=－0.21, 1.42, 0.86, －0.53, 0.92, －1.57; P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a strong positive correlation between VEGF and MCP-1 in aqueous humor before treatment (r=0.78, P＜0.001). ConclusionThe concentrations of VEGF and ICAM-1 in aqueous humor significantly decrease after IVR treatment in BRVO-ME; the concentrations of IL-6, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 do not obviously change.
Objective The effects of endotoxin, cytokines, nitric oxide were reviewed in the development of hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in portal hypertension. Methods Liceratures of overseas main studies in hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome of portal hypertension in recent 10 years were reviewed. Results The hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome was found in 30%-50% of patients with cirrhosis and in all animal models of portal hypertension. The research results of the effects of endotoxin, cytokines, nitric oxide in the development of hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome were different. Conclusion Hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome contribute to the maintenance and aggregation of portal hypertension. Endotoxin, cytokines, nitric oxide may play a role in the development of hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome. Nitric oxide is a more important factor. The effect of other factors is probably mediated by nitric oxide.
ObjectiveTo observe the expression levels of related cytokines in the vitreous humor of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with lattice degeneration (LD). MethodsA clinical observational study. From May 2022 to February 2023, 43 patients of 43 eyes diagnosed with RRD, with or without accompanying LD, who underwent their first pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) at Zhongda Hospital Southeast University and The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: RRD with LD (LD group), consisting of 27 patients with 27 eyes, and RRD without LD (Non-LD group), consisting of 16 patients with 16 eyes. Additionally, 6 patients (6 eyes) with idiopathic macular holes and 4 patients (4 eyes) with idiopathic epiretinal membranes during the same period were selected as the control group. Before initiating PPV and without intraocular perfusion, a 0.5 ml sample of undiluted vitreous fluid from the central portion was excised and aspirated. The concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, interferon-γ- inducible protein 10 (IP-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha-α, interferon-γ, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), placental growth factor (PLGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vitreous fluid were quantitatively measured using the Luminex high-throughput multiplex assay technology. The comparison of cytokine expression levels between groups was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, with significance levels for post-hoc pairwise comparisons adjusted by DSCF methods. ResultsThe eyes of the patients in the LD group, Non-LD group, and control group showed statistically significant differences (P＜0.05) in the concentrations of IL-6 (H=14.400), IL-8 (H=13.610), MCP-1 (H=12.050), VEGF (H=9.920), MIP-1α (H=6.620), IP-10 (H=7.780), MIF (H=12.920), PECAM-1 (H=9.990), ICAM-1 (H=8.070), and PLGF (H=16.850). Upon pairwise comparison between groups, the vitreous fluid concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and PLGF in the LD group were found to be significantly higher than those in the Non-LD group (P＜0.05). ConclusionThe expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and PLGF are elevated in the vitreous fluid of eyes with RRD accompanied by LD.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of cytokines on Febrile seizures (FS) in children with febrile seizures (Febrile seizures), febrile seizures duration and prognosis, and to explore the correlation between cytokines and the clinical manifestations and prognosis of FS. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 121 children with FS (77 cases in the simple FS group and 44 cases in the complex FS group) who were treated in the pediatrics department of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from January 2021 to October 2022 as the experimental group, including 71 males and 50 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.42:1, according to the type of attack (93 cases in the comprehensive group, 44 cases in the complex FS group). The focal group (28 cases) and convulsion duration (91 cases in <5 min group and 30 cases in ≥5 min group) were divided into groups, and 127 cases of children with fever but no convulsions were compared with the control group. In addition, 121 children with FS were followed up for 1 year by neurology specialist outpatient department and telephone follow-up. According to the follow-up, they were divided into the first course group, the relapse group and the secondary epilepsy group, so as to further explore the correlation between cytokines and the prognosis of children with FS. ResultsExperimental group compared with control group: Serum IL-1β (1.38 pg/mL), IL-2 (2.26 pg/mL), IL-4 (1.53 pg/mL), IL-6 (10.51 pg/mL), IL-10 (3.09 pg/mL), IL-12p70 (1.74 pg/mL), TNF-α (2.11 pg/mL), IFN-γ (46.56 pg/mL), IL-1β (1.38 pg/mL), IL-1β (1.26 pg/mL), IL-4 (1.53 pg/mL), IL-6 (10.51 pg/mL), IL-10 (3.09 pg/mL), IL-12P70 (1.74 pg/mL), TNF-α (2.11 pg/mL), IFN-γ (46.56 pg/mL). IFN-α (25.92 pg/mL) levels were higher, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the simple group and the complex group (P>0.05). <5 min group compared with control group: serum levels of IL-2 (2.32 pg/mL), IL-4 (1.53 pg/mL), IL-6 (9.65 pg/mL), IL-12p70 (1.74 pg/mL), TNF-α (2.11 pg/mL), IFN-γ (44.63 pg/mL), IFN-α (29.67 pg/mL) were higher, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the levels of IL-2 (2.06 pg/mL), IL-6 (14.67 pg/mL), IL-12p70 (1.97 pg/mL), IFN-γ (58.56 pg/mL) and IFN-α (17.50 pg/mL) in ≥5 min group were higher, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that serum IFN-α had a high predictive value for FS onset, the cut-off point was 8.64pg/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity were 75.63% and 76.38%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the first course of disease group, relapse group and secondary epilepsy group. ConclusionSerum proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IFN-α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 are involved in the pathogenesis of FS. There was no correlation between the simplicity and complexity of serum cytokines. IL-2, IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IFN-α were positively correlated with the duration of convulsion. When serum IFN-α>8.64 pg/ml, the possibility of FS attack increased.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of serum cytokines in patients with neuromyelitis optic neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) before and after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) treatment. MethodsA prospective clinical study. From November 2020 to December 2021, 24 NMOSD-ON patients who visited the Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinic of Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were included. Among them, 9 patients were male; 15 patients were female. According to the detection results of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (AQP4-IgG) in peripheral blood, the patients were divided into AQP4-lgG positive group and AQP4-lgG negative group, which were 10 and 14 cases respectively. Twenty healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Age (F=0.639) and sex (χ2=2.373) composition ratio of the three groups were compared, the difference were not statistically significant (P=0.504, 0.333). All patients were treated with 500 mg/d or 1 000 mg/d IVMP. Peripheral venous blood of all subjects, and quantitatively analyze interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)- 4, IL-31, IL-33, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-21, IL-23, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level in serum with Luminex FLEX MAP 3D liquid-phase suspension chip detection system were collected. The differences among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis H test. ResultsBefore IVMP treatment, serum IL-17A concentrations in AQP4-lgG positive group, AQP4-lgG negative group and control group were 2.39, 2.17 and 1.97 pg/ml, respectively. TNF-α concentrations were 5.60, 4.17 and 5.89 pg/ml, respectively. Compared with control group, serum IL-17A concentration in AQP4-IgG positive group was increased, while TNF-α concentration in AQP4-IgG negative group was decreased, with statistical significance (H=12.720, 10.900; P=0.040, 0.039). The levels of IL-17A, IL-6 and other cytokines did not change significantly. After IVMP treatment, serum IL-6 in AQP4-lgG positive group and AQP4-lgG negative group were 0.72 pg/ml and 0.73 pg/ml, respectively. TNF-α concentrations were 4.17 pg/ml and 3.88 pg/ml, respectively. IFN-γ concentrations were 2.15 pg/ml and 2.55 pg/ml, respectively. Compared with before treatment, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in AQP4-lgG positive patients were significantly decreased, with statistical significance (Z=－2.668, －2.547, －2.201; P=0.008, 0.011, 0.028). Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in AQP4-lgG negative patients, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=－2.501, －1.978; P=0.012, 0.048). ConclusionGlucocorticoid may play a therapeutic role by affecting the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ in patients with NMOSD-ON.
Objective By using small interfering RNAs ( siRNAs) specific for spleen tyrosine kinase ( Syk) , to evaluate the role of Syk in maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Methods The fragments of 21-23 bp siRNAs specific for mice Syk were chemo synthesized and transfected into the asthmatic murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells ( BMDCs) by Lipofectamine 2000 transfection system for 48 hours. Then BMDCs were co-cultured with T cells from the normal mice spleen for 48 hours. The cytokines including IL-4, IL-13, IL-2 and INF-γin supernatant were detect by ELISA. The expression of Syk protein was measured by Western Blot to determine whether the Syk gene was silenced. Results The expression of Syk protein was obviously decreased in the siRNA-interference group. The secretions of IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly inhibited by siRNA interference ( P lt; 0. 05) , but the secretions of IL-2 and INF-γwere not interfered signficantly ( P gt;0. 05) . Conclusion Syk specific siRNA fragments can block the antigen presentation function of dendritic cells and block the activation and differentiation of T cells.