Objective To investigate the diabetic knowledge of primary hospital doctors and diabetes patients, and to explore the way to improve the capability of primary hospitals in preventing and treating diabetes. Methods Between January 2013 and June 2014, we set questionnaires to learn the profiles of diabetes knowledge of 328 internal and general medicine doctors including 43 chronic disease management workers from fifteen township hospitals and two community health centers, 152 doctors from village clinics, and 575 diabetes patients in Xindu District of Chengdu City. We made questionnaires for doctors and patients respectively to investigate their knowledge on diabetes and blood sugar control in the patients. Finally, we made plans to train doctors in primary hospitals according to the results of the investigation. Results For township hospitals, 328 questionnaires were given out with 319 retrieved, and the valid retrieval rate was 97.3%; 152 questionnaires were given out to village doctors and 149 were retrieved, with a valid retrieval rate of 98.0%; and we gave out 575 questionnaires to the diabetes patients and retrieved 539, with a valid retrieval rate of 93.7%. Primary hospitals were insufficient in their drug varieties. Among doctors in township hospitals, 7.8% had bachelor’s degree, 53.6% had received post-secondary education, and 38.6% had received secondary vocational education. Most of the village doctors had not received any professional medical education, among whom, 89.9% had a certificate of village doctors and 10.1% had a certificate of assistant doctors. The diabetes questionnaire score of primary hospital doctors was low, while the score of chronic disease management workers was relatively higher (P<0.05). For diabetes patients, medical investment was inadequate, treatment rate was low, common sense of diabetes was insufficient, and glycosylated hemoglobin control rate was only 13.5%. Conclusions Diabetes patients in primary hospitals have a poor disease control, which is probably associated with the insufficient publicity and education from doctors. It is necessary to train primary hospital doctors at all levels. In order to get the best therapeutic effect, we advocate that diabetes should be managed by doctors of chronic disease management, although they should receive systematic training for a long time.
ObjectiveTo explore the management mode of head nurse-grading training, in order to enhance the management of nursing care and promote nursing quality. MethodFrom June 2013 to June 2014, we established head nurse-grading training management institutions and designed the head nurse-grading training management scheme, based on which we carried out training for assistant nurses, nursing officers, and new and old head nurses. The effects were compared before and after the training. ResultsAfter the implementation of grading training of head nurses, the quality of nursing management, nursing quality, satisfaction of nurses and patients were all significantly improved (P<0.05). ConclusionsGrading training for head nurses and let the most appropriate nursing staff work at the best of time on the most needed jobs can constantly improve quality of care and meet the needs of nurses and patients.
Objective To explore the challenges of training workshops on Cochrane Systematic Review (CSR) in 2006–2008 and to identify strategies to meet better the needs of the participants. Methods We designed a quantitative survey for all participants and collected their feedback on the arrangements and challenges of the workshop, and on their needs. Results The overall response rate was 82.6% (138/167). The training on CSR evaluated more highly from 2006 to 2008. A total of 167 registered participants from 21 provinces in China took part, and 71.3% (119/167) of them were graduate students. Only 10.9 % (15/138) selected their topics before training. After training, most of the participants were satisfied with the arrangement of the workshop, and thought the most helpful contents were: meta-analysis and statistics 83.7% (113/135), trials selection, inclusion and extraction 79.4% (108/136), literature evaluation 78.1% (107/137), and results analysis and explanation 72.8% (99/136). Some participants desired more time for practical exercises and for advice on keeping track of the development of their reviews. Conclusion The training on CSR has been gradually improved in the past 3 years. Cochrane systematic reviews have become an important research topic for graduate students in this time in China. Most of the participants benefit from the CSR workshop. More time on exercises is needed and the trainees’ further development should be followed up.
Abstract： Objective To improve therapeutic outcomes for severe leftsided atrioventricular valve regurgitation (LAVVR) after repair of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) through discussing pathological changes of the valve and surgical management for these patients, and summarizing the medical experiences of perioperative managements. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 29 patients including 16 males and 13 females with LAVVR after repair of AVSD treated in Xinhua Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University between January 1995 and December 2009. The age of these patients ranged from 4 to 62 years, averaging at 26.5. According the classification of New York Heart Association (NYHA), there were 10 patients of class Ⅱ, 17 of class Ⅲ and 2 of class Ⅳ before reoperation. Partial repair of AVSD had been carried out for 18 patients, and complete repair had been performed on 11 patients. At reoperation, valve rerepair was performed on 17 patients and mechanical valve replacement (MVR) was necessary in 12 patients. Results In the early period after operation, one patient died of multiple organ failure, one patient had a permanent pacemaker inserted because of complete atrioventricular block, and 1 patient aged 4 years got recovery after 56 hours of circulatory support for severe cardiac failure after reoperation. A mean follow-up of 8.2 years (6 months to 14 years) was done for 25 patients with 3 missing. During the follow-up for 14 patients undergone heart valve repair, there was no obvious acceleration of the forward blood flow of the leftside atrioventricular valve. Ten patients had mild or less LAVVR, 1 had moderate LAVVR and 3 underwent successful left atrioventricular valve replacement at 10 days, 3 years or 6 years after reoperation because of severe LAVVR. Clinical status, as assessed by the NYHA classification, improved after surgery for LAVVR in 25 patients who were followed up with 17 in NYHA class Ⅰ, 6 in class Ⅱ, and 2 in class Ⅲ. Podoid decreased significantly and cardiothoracic ratio was 0.53-0.67 (0.60±0.11) in chest Xray picture. There was no late death. Conclusion With timely surgical treatment, and appropriate surgical method, LAVVR after complete or partial AVSD repair can be managed with excellent shortterm and longterm outcomes.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of constructing new nurse training system on the competency of the nurses. MethodsA total of 192 new nurses who started their career in 2012 and 2013 were divided into two groups based on the time. Ninety-six of them who became nurses in 2012 were regarded as controls, and they received traditional training, while the other 96 new nurses of 2013 were chosen to be the experimental group, and they accepted the new training model for all-round training. Then, we compared the two groups of nurses in terms of their theoretical knowledge, operative skills and comprehensive ability. ResultsThe theoretical knowledge, operative skills and comprehensive ability scores of nurses in the experimental group were all significantly higher than the control group, while the error rate of the experimental group was significantly lower, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). ConclusionThe new nurse training system can improve the nurses' competency, which can provide a reference for standardized training of nurses.
Objective To explore the current problems of training on ethics reviews in clinical trials in China. Methods We designed a quantitative survey to collect participants’ feedbacks on the training workshop on ethics reviews, which included contents, arrangement and structure, relevant to the workshop and their difficulties on ethics review work. Results A total of 60 questionnaires were sent and the response rate was 56.7% (34/60). A total of 120 participants from 18 provinces of China. Most of them were members of the virtual research center of evidence-base medicine of the Ministry of education. A total of 78.1% (25/32) participants thought they achieved their purpose after training, and 12.5% (4/32) did not meet their needs due to the poor language. The feedbacks of contents and quality of the workshop on ethics were shown in Table 1. The top useful contents (cents in 8-10) were: clinical trial registration, policies of WHO and China (93.8%, 30/32), data management and quality control in clinical trials, the roles of clinical trial registries and ethics committees (93.3%, 28/30), transparency in clinical trials (93.3%, 28/30), informed consent and beyond (91.8%, 31/34), and how to approach ethical review case studies (90.9%, 30/33), etc. Nobody considered workshop of less help.The majority (85.1%, 23/27) thought difficulties on ethic reviews existed and the main difficulties include: short of operational administrative rules (82.6%, 19/23), poor training opportunity (52.1%, 12/23), less supports from administrative (30.4%, 7/23) and financial (21.7%, 5/23), etc. The relevance (8-10 cents) to ethics workshop was: methods of teaching 75.9% (22/29), PPT 75% (21/28) and materials 42.9% (12/28). Conclusions There is some limitations in the first workshop on ethic reviews due to the lower response rate. However, it still shows the importance of training on ethics reviews. Training strategies should focus on different participants’ needs and the relevance to methods of teaching, and materials, etc. Workshopadopted lectures, cases studies analysis, more discussions and necessary translation will be welcome.
Under the direct leadership of the Chinese Association Against Epilepsy (CAAE), the preparation of the “Training and examination syllabus of competency-based epilepsy education” was officially launched in March 2020. The Epilepsy Education Task Force of CAAE made reference mainly to the “Roadmap for a competency-based educational curriculum in epileptology” proposed by the report of the Epilepsy Education (EpiEd) Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy, considered the actual situation of specialization in epilepsy at the different level hospitals in China, and finished the final draft after full discussion by the experts in relevant fields. The syllabus was divided into two parts: primary and intermediate level, in which a modular and layered design was adopted and the teaching requirements according to mastery, familiarity, and understanding were proposed. After the syllabus was finalized, it was used as a guideline in the subsequent online training and the primary and intermediate level examinations, which played an important role in cooperating with the smooth implementation of the “competency-based epilepsy education”.
ObjectiveTo compare whether the training process of commissioned training residents from Tibet and non-commissioned training residents have achieved homogenized.MethodsThe training time and operation frequency data of 170 commissioned training residents from Tibet and 96 non-commissioned training residents of grade 2016 during the 19 months from September 2016 to April 2018 were collected. The 25 operational data of 11 departments that are representative and comparable are compared.ResultsThe two types of trainees completed the rotation of 47 different departments within 19 months, of which 45 departments were the departments where both types of students were rotated. Among these 11 departments, the average training time of trainees from Tibet in the Departments of Anesthesiology was lower than that of non-commissioned trainees (Z=–4.543, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in 7 of the 25 operating data (P<0.05). The operation number of arterial puncture and ventilator management (Intensive Care Unit); patient treatment (Department of Emergency); arterial puncture, ventilator management and intraoperative monitoring (Department of Anesthesiology) of trainees from Tibet were lower than those of non-commissioned trainees (P<0.05). The operation number of lung and mediastinal examinations (Department of Radiology) of trainees from Tibet was higher than that of non-commissioned trainees (P<0.05).ConclusionsDuring the training of the two types of trainees, the rotation schedule was basically the same, but there were differences in the clinical practice operations. Trainees from Tibet have higher requirements for radiology training. Trainees from Tibet will return to Tibet with independent practice needs, so their requirements of medical imaging skills operation would be higher. Due to language and training time, the critically ill, emergency first aid, and surgical skills of trainees from Tibet are not as good as those of non-commissioned trainees, and they need to gradually strengthen and improve these skills in subsequent trainings.
Medical institutions of China still face two challenges in hospital infections currently: one challenge is from infection, including infectious diseases, multidrug-resistant bacteria healthcare-associated infection (HAI), and classic HAI; the another challenge comes from the management of HAI in medical institutions, such as lack of full-time staff and insufficient capacity, inadequate infection control organizations, insufficient awareness of infection control among medical staff, and unbalanced development. To cope with these severe challenges, we must do the following three aspects: establishing the discipline of HAI, and improving people’s infection control ability through human-orienting; improving the management organization and system of HAI; improving the awareness of infection control among all medical staff, carrying out scientific and orderly infection prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and adhering to evidence-based infection control.
Objective To evaluate the application of the Huaxi Intelligent Endoscopic Skill Training and Assessment System in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) skills training and provide insights for optimizing MIS training models, we analyzed trainee performance during training and assessment. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the use of this system across 28 medical institutions from January 2022 to January 2025. Results By January 2025, the standardized deployment of 139 simulation units had been completed. A total of 403 trainees from various surgical specialties, including thoracic surgery and general surgery, participated in five customized endoscopic skill training modules: endoscopic recognition, grasping training, positioning and placement, cutting training, and suturing training. Throughout the training period, a total of 78 participants took part in 27 formal assessments. Correlation analysis based on Spearman showed that pre-assessment training pass rates were significantly correlated with final assessment scores, indicating enhancing the quality of each training module and overall training efficacy is a key to improving the effectiveness of MIS training. Conclusion The Huaxi Intelligent Endoscopic Skill Training and Assessment System effectively supports MIS training and evaluation.